Greenish Warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clement
Keyword(s):  
Phylloscopus Trochiloides ◽  
Greenish Warbler

scholarly journals Avian haemosporidians (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) in selected bird groups (Old world Flycatchers, Warblers, Babblers, and Thrushes) of India and their phylogenetic relationships with other lineages of the world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin ◽  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Rajnikant Dixit ◽  
Narinder Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Bhim Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Old World ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Phylloscopus Trochiloides ◽  
Avian Haemosporidians ◽  
Source Populations

AbstractWe examined the Avian haemosporidians (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) status in selected bird groups (Old world Flycatchers, Warblers, Babblers, and Thrushes) of India and their phylogenetic relationships with other known lineages of the world. The use of common genetic markers with information on the geographic distribution of parasite and host samples makes the data of avian haemosporidians genetic studies more comparable and infection source surveillance ready. The prevalence of Avian haemosporidians, in above bird groups from northern, eastern, and southern parts of India and the phylogenetic genetic analysis of genetic lineages was carried out at world level to know the possible source of infection. The MCC tree revealed six Haemosporidian lineages in which one was common (H_MSP01) and five were unique (H_CYOPOL01, H_CHD01, H_CYORUB01, H_EUMTHA01, and P_GEOCIT01). The avian host richness Index was 2.0852. 9.9%, prevalence of Haemosporidian infection was found in 111 DNA samples belonging to 6 host species. The Haemoproteus prevalence was found to be 9.0% across five host species (Phylloscopus trochiloides, Cyornis poliogenys, C. hainanus dialilaemus, C. rubeculoides, Eumiyas thalassinus) and Plasmodium prevalence was 0.9% in Geokichla citrina. The spatial phylogeny map showed possible source populations of hosts having H. pallidus lineages COLL2 and PFC1 infections in parts of Africa, Europe, North America, Malaysia, and Philippines. The Plasmodium lineage (P_GEOCIT01) showed a weak (93.89%) similarity with PADOM16 in Egypt. The statistical analysis suggested that the haemosporidian’s host species’ distribution range was directly and significantly associated with the altitude, minimum temperature, and relative humidity. H_MSP01 distribution was in accordance with H. pallidus having a wide geographic and host range.

scholarly journals Recurrent selection explains parallel evolution of genomic regions of high relative but low absolute differentiation in greenish warblers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Irwin ◽  
Miguel Alcaide ◽  
Kira E. Delmore ◽  
Jessica H. Irwin ◽  
Gregory L. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Greenish Warbler ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Ring Species

AbstractRecent technological developments allow investigation of the repeatability of evolution at the genomic level. Such investigation is particularly powerful when applied to a ring species, in which spatial variation represents changes during the evolution of two species from one. We examined genomic variation among three subspecies of the greenish warbler ring species, using genotypes at 13,013,950 nucleotide sites along a new greenish warbler consensus genome assembly. Genomic regions of low within-group variation are remarkably consistent between the three populations. These regions show high relative differentiation but low absolute differentiation between populations. Comparisons with outgroup species show the locations of these peaks of relative differentiation are not well explained by phylogenetically-conserved variation in recombination rates or selection. These patterns are consistent with a model in which selection in an ancestral form has reduced variation at some parts of the genome, and those same regions experience recurrent selection that subsequently reduces variation within each subspecies. The degree of heterogeneity in nucleotide diversity is greater than explained by models background selection, but are consistent with selective sweeps. Given the evidence that greenish warblers have had both population differentiation for a long period of time and periods of gene flow between those populations, we propose that some genomic regions underwent selective sweeps over a broad geographic area followed by within-population selection-induced reductions in variation. An important implication of this “sweep-before-differentiation” model is that genomic regions of high relative differentiation may have moved among populations more recently than other genomic regions.

scholarly journals A Spatial Framework for Understanding Population Structure and Admixture.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Bradburd ◽  
Peter L. Ralph ◽  
Graham Coop
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Phylloscopus Trochiloides ◽  
Ring Species

Geographic patterns of genetic variation within modern populations, produced by complex histories of migration, can be difficult to infer and visually summarize. A general consequence of geographically limited dispersal is that samples from nearby locations tend to be more closely related than samples from distant locations, and so genetic covariance often recapitulates geographic proximity. We use genome-wide polymorphism data to build ``geogenetic maps,'' which, when applied to stationary populations, produces a map of the geographic positions of the populations, but with distances distorted to reflect historical rates of gene flow. In the underlying model, allele frequency covariance is a decreasing function of geogenetic distance, and nonlocal gene flow such as admixture can be identified as anomalously strong covariance over long distances. This admixture is explicitly co-estimated and depicted as arrows, from the source of admixture to the recipient, on the geogenetic map. We demonstrate the utility of this method on a circum-Tibetan sampling of the greenish warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides), in which we find evidence for gene flow between the adjacent, terminal populations of the ring species. We also analyze a global sampling of human populations, for which we largely recover the geography of the sampling, with support for significant histories of admixture in many samples. This new tool for understanding and visualizing patterns of population structure is implemented in a Bayesian framework in the program SpaceMix.

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