scholarly journals Modeling and Experimental Studies of Mercury Oxidation and Adsorption in a Fixed-Bed and Entrained-Flow Reactor

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula A. Buitrago ◽  
Mike Morrill ◽  
JoAnn S. Lighty ◽  
Geoffrey D. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mercury Oxidation ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor

scholarly journals Gasification of grapevine pruning waste in an entrained-flow reactor: gas products, energy efficiency and gas conditioning alternatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor ◽  
Cold Gas

Owing to its higher efficiency and versatility, gasification is seen as a necessary evolution in the development of biomass energy systems. This technology has been primarily tested in fixed bed (updraft and downdraft) and fluidised bed reaction systems, with less information available about the potential of entrained-flow reactors. This latter design benefits from a relatively simple mechanical structure, robustness against severe gasification conditions and also reduced investment and operating costs. This paper describes the development of a pilot scale entrained-flow reactor and evaluates its performance in the gasification of wood waste left over from the pruning of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). The original biomass was initially analysed for its chemical composition and thermal behaviour. A series of gasification trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and relative biomass/air ratio (Frg) on the yield, composition, heating value of the resulting syngas. The cold gas efficiency of the system was determined for different operating conditions from the heating value and yields of the resulting producer gas. The results showed that the use of higher temperatures caused a small increase in overall gas yields (from 1.76 Nm3 kg-1 at 750ºC to 1.96 Nm3 kg-1 at 1050ºC) and a notable rise in its heating value (from 3.65 MJ kg-1 at 750ºC to 4.95 MJ kg-1 at 1050ºC), primarily derived from an increase in the concentration of hydrogen. The experimental results show a reduction in the fuel properties of the producer gas when using biomass/air ratios (Frg) below 2.5, which was attributed to the partial combustion of the producer gas. However, this effect was largely counteracted by the production of higher gas yields (3.39 Nm3 kg-1 for Frg = 2.16 compared to 1.96 Nm3 kg-1 for Frg = 4.05), owing to the higher conversion of the fuel at low biomass/air ratios. Optimum gasification conditions (cold gas efficiency up to 83.06 %) were reached when using high reaction temperatures (1050ºC) and low Frg (2.19). This paper also provides a final review about the formation of unwanted tars and particulates in gasification processes, its effect in energy applications, and the use of alternative technologies (thermocatalytic cracking, reforming, water-gas shift) for the conditioning and upgrading of the resulting gas stream.

Experimental and numerical study of biomass flash pyrolysis in an entrained flow reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 3678-3684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaozeng Sun ◽  
Hongming Tian ◽  
Yijun Zhao ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Hao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor

scholarly journals Measuring gaseous HCl emissions during pulverised co-combustion of high shares of straw in an entrained flow reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wolf ◽  
Andreas Stephan ◽  
Sebastian Fendt ◽  
Hartmut Spliethoff
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor

Preliminary understanding on the ash behavior of algae during co-gasification in an entrained flow reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjian Zhu ◽  
Philip J. van Eyk ◽  
Christoffer Boman ◽  
Markus Broström ◽  
Kawnish Kirtania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor

Energy and exergy characteristics of syngas produced from air gasification of walnut sawdust in an entrained flow reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaning Zhang ◽  
Yijun Zhao ◽  
Bingxi Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Gao ◽  
Baocheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor

Mass Absorption Corrected X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Entrained-Flow Reactor Coal Combustion Products

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Leo W. Collins ◽  
David L. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Coal Combustion Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor

AbstractThe analysis of coal and the understanding of the combustion process is complex, due to the heterogeneous nature of the material and the myriad of high-temperature reactions inherent in this fossil fuel. The research presented below utilizes recently-developed x-ray diffraction methods to analyze the coal combustion products generated from a laboratory-scale entrained-flow reactor. The reactor was designed, constructed, and tested, as planned for the initial phase of a long-term project to evaluate the coals located in Mississippi. In this initial phase a well-characterized coal was used, supplied by The Pennsylvania State University. The proximate, ultimate, and sulfur analyses of the coal, PSOC 1368p, are outlined in the Appendix. X-ray diffraction techniques have been used In the past to characterize coals. An analysis of the mineral transformation during coal combustion has also been performed using x-ray diffraction instrumentation. The semi-quantitative results of the pyrite (FeS2) phase transformation at variable temperatures and the percent combustion of the coal, as determined by x-ray methods are reported below.

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