scholarly journals Technology demonstration for reducing mercury emissions from small-scale gold refining facilities.

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Habegger ◽  
L. E. Fernandez ◽  
M. Engle ◽  
J. L. Bailey ◽  
D. P. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Technology Demonstration ◽  
Gold Refining

scholarly journals Adaptation Ability of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) against Mercury Contamination from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Beny Kurniawan ◽  
Duryat . ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Slamet Budi Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Media ◽  
Gold Refining

Contamination of mercury (Hg) in illegal gold mining waste could be reduced by the plant. The study aimed to examine the adaptability of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedling in the growing media of tailings contaminated by mercury. Tailings were taken from the gold refining industry located in Bunut Village, Padang Cermin Sub-district, Lampung Province. The study was designed in a completely randomized design for 5 treatments and 4 replications used combination of topsoil : tailings in a ratio of 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75%; and 0% : 100%. Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that mahogany seedling had the adaptability to the media with a maximum tailings concentration of 75%. The higher concentrations of tailings tended to decrease the percentage of life, increment of diameter, increment of the number of leaves, leaf area, the increment of root length, and biomass of mahogany. The higher concentrations of tailings resulted in a better plant height increment compared to the lower concentrations, however, all concentrations of tailings in the planting medium reduced the height of the mahogany seedling.Keywords: Adaptability, mahogany, mercury, tailing

scholarly journals Artificial lake expansion amplifies mercury pollution from gold mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. eabd4953
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. Gerson ◽  
Simon N. Topp ◽  
Claudia M. Vega ◽  
John R. Gardner ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Landscape Alteration ◽  
Mercury Loading

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest global source of anthropogenic mercury emissions. However, little is known about how effectively mercury released from ASGM is converted into the bioavailable form of methylmercury in ASGM-altered landscapes. Through examination of ASGM-impacted river basins in Peru, we show that lake area in heavily mined watersheds has increased by 670% between 1985 and 2018 and that lakes in this area convert mercury into methylmercury at net rates five to seven times greater than rivers. These results suggest that synergistic increases in lake area and mercury loading associated with ASGM are substantially increasing exposure risk for people and wildlife. Similarly, marked increases in lake area in other ASGM hot spots suggest that “hydroscape” (hydrological landscape) alteration is an important and previously unrecognized component of mercury risk from ASGM.

Mercury emissions from Peruvian gold shops: Potential ramifications for Minamata compliance in artisanal and small-scale gold mining communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 109042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keegan H. Moody ◽  
Kazi M. Hasan ◽  
Sumeja Aljic ◽  
Victoria M. Blakeman ◽  
L. Perry Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Mining Communities

scholarly journals Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4719-4752 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pirrone ◽  
S. Cinnirella ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
R. B. Finkelman ◽  
H. R. Friedli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Current Estimate ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Primary Emissions

Abstract. This paper provides an up-to-date assessment of global mercury emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. On an annual basis, natural sources account for 5207 Mg of mercury released to the global atmosphere, including the contribution from re-emission processes, which are emissions of previously deposited mercury originating from anthropogenic and natural sources, and primary emissions from natural reservoirs. Anthropogenic sources, which include a large number of industrial point sources, are estimated to account for 2320 Mg of mercury emitted annually. The major contributions are from fossil-fuel fired power plants (810 Mg yr−1), artisanal small scale gold mining (400 Mg yr−1), non-ferrous metals manufacturing (310 Mg yr−1), cement production (236 Mg yr−1), waste disposal (187 Mg yr−1) and caustic soda production (163 Mg yr−1). Therefore, our current estimate of global mercury emissions suggests that the overall contribution from natural sources (primary emissions+re-emissions) and anthropogenic sources is nearly 7527 Mg per year, the uncertainty associated with these estimates are related to the typology of emission sources and source regions.

scholarly journals Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 5951-5964 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pirrone ◽  
S. Cinnirella ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
R. B. Finkelman ◽  
H. R. Friedli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Current Estimate ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Primary Emissions

Abstract. This paper provides an up-to-date assessment of global mercury emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. On an annual basis, natural sources account for 5207 Mg of mercury released to the global atmosphere, including the contribution from re-emission processes, which are emissions of previously deposited mercury originating from anthropogenic and natural sources, and primary emissions from natural reservoirs. Anthropogenic sources, which include a large number of industrial point sources, are estimated to account for 2320 Mg of mercury emitted annually. The major contributions are from fossil-fuel fired power plants (810 Mg yr−1), artisanal small scale gold mining (400 Mg yr−1), non-ferrous metals manufacturing (310 Mg yr−1), cement production (236 Mg yr−1), waste disposal (187 Mg yr−1) and caustic soda production (163 Mg yr−1). Therefore, our current estimate of global mercury emissions suggests that the overall contribution from natural sources (primary emissions + re-emissions) and anthropogenic sources is nearly 7527 Mg per year, the uncertainty associated with these estimates are related to the typology of emission sources and source regions.

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
CE Bracker ◽  
P. K. Hansma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Property ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
New Family ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.

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