scholarly journals Hydrogen and Hydrogen/Natural Gas Station and Vehicle Operations - 2006 Summary Report

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francfort ◽  
Donald Karner ◽  
Roberta Brayer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Summary Report ◽  
Gas Station

scholarly journals A Hierarchical Optimisation of a Compressed Natural Gas Station for Energy and Fuelling Efficiency under a Demand Response Program

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kagiri ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Xia
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Criteria Air Pollutants ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Gas Station

Compressed natural gas stations serve customers who have chosen compressed natural gas powered vehicles as an alternative to diesel and petrol based ones, for cost or environmental reasons. The interaction between the compressed natural gas station and electricity grid requires an energy management strategy to minimise a significant component of the operating costs of the station where demand response programs exist. Such a strategy when enhanced through integration with a control strategy for optimising gas delivery can raise the appeal of the compressed natural gas, which is associated with reduced criteria air pollutants. A hierarchical operation optimisation approach adopted in this study seeks to achieve energy cost reduction for a compressed natural gas station in a time-of-use electricity tariff environment as well as increase the vehicle fuelling efficiency. This is achieved by optimally controlling the gas dispenser and priority panel valve function under an optimised schedule of compressor operation. The results show that electricity cost savings of up to 60.08% are achieved in the upper layer optimisation while meeting vehicle gas demand over the control horizon. Further, a reduction in filling times by an average of 16.92 s is achieved through a lower layer model predictive control of the pressure-ratio-dependent fuelling process.

«Undeserved Profit» Problem on Modern Russia’s Resource Markets

10.12737/3652 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Соловьев ◽  
S. Solovev ◽  
Белов ◽  
Dmitriy Belov ◽  
Протасьев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Commercial Accounting ◽  
Resource Markets

One of the main problems at commercial accounting of resources (natural gas, electric energy, heat, water) is discrepancy of registered volumes (quantity) of delivered (supplied) and consumed (paid) resource. Stated treats not only a resource, but also an accounting of deliveries related to any kind of goods which quantity is defined and considered by means of measuring tools (packaging of loose products, supply of gasoline from a plant at a gas station, its further realization to consumers, etc.). It is accepted to call a discrepancy of specified volumes as imbalance. Its consequence is either an incomplete settlement of consumers with a supplier (supplier’s damage and consumers’ “undeserved profit”), or, on the contrary, consumers’ overpayment for delivered resource (supplier’s “undeserved profit” and consumers’ damage). Therefore, the resource imbalance can be classified as one of the most important economic indicators of any resource supplying process since the economic efficiency of activity of companies and organizations delivering and realizing resources to consumers depends directly on the resource imbalance value.

scholarly journals Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 4567-4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Zheng ◽  
Shaofei Kong ◽  
Xinli Xing ◽  
Yao Mao ◽  
Tianpeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Oil and natural gas are important for energy supply around the world. The exploring, drilling, transportation and processing in oil and gas regions can release a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the VOC levels, compositions and sources in such regions, an oil and gas station in northwest China was chosen as the research site and 57 VOCs designated as the photochemical precursors were continuously measured for an entire year (September 2014–August 2015) using an online monitoring system. The average concentration of total VOCs was 297 ± 372 ppbv and the main contributor was alkanes, accounting for 87.5 % of the total VOCs. According to the propylene-equivalent concentration and maximum incremental reactivity methods, alkanes were identified as the most important VOC groups for the ozone formation potential. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that the annual average contributions from natural gas, fuel evaporation, combustion sources, oil refining processes and asphalt (anthropogenic and natural sources) to the total VOCs were 62.6 ± 3.04, 21.5 ± .99, 10.9 ± 1.57, 3.8 ± 0.50 and 1.3 ± 0.69 %, respectively. The five identified VOC sources exhibited various diurnal patterns due to their different emission patterns and the impact of meteorological parameters. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models based on backward trajectory analysis indicated that the five identified sources had similar geographic origins. Raster analysis based on CWT analysis indicated that the local emissions contributed 48.4–74.6 % to the total VOCs. Based on the high-resolution observation data, this study clearly described and analyzed the temporal variation in VOC emission characteristics at a typical oil and gas field, which exhibited different VOC levels, compositions and origins compared with those in urban and industrial areas.

scholarly journals Optimization of a compressed natural gas station operation to minimize energy cost

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 2003-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kagiri ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Xia
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Station
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