scholarly journals Summary of resources available to small water systems for meeting the 10 ppb arsenic drinking water limit.

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lee Krumhansl ◽  
Bruce M Thomson ◽  
Matt Ziegler ◽  
Susan Butler ◽  
Heather Himmelberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Small Water Systems

Using Decision Trees to Predict Drinking Water Advisories in Small Water Systems

Opflow ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. E109-E118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Murphy ◽  
Munir Bhatti ◽  
Richard Harvey ◽  
Edward A. McBean
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Small Water Systems

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium in small water systems in Puerto Rico: a pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Robinson ◽  
Harvey A. Minnigh ◽  
Paul R. Hunter ◽  
Rachel M. Chalmers ◽  
Graciela I. Ramírez Toro
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Small Water Systems ◽  
Potential Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

A pilot study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in four very small drinking water systems supplying communities in rural Puerto Rico. Water samples (40 L) were collected and oocysts were concentrated by calcium carbonate flocculation, recovered by immunomagnetic separation and detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in all four systems. This is the first report of evidence of the potential public health risk from this chlorine-resistant pathogen in Puerto Rican small water systems. Further work is warranted to fully assess the health risks that Cryptosporidium and other protozoa pose to populations served by community-managed small drinking water systems.

Design of Small Water Systems

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Genetti ◽  
Jr
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Small Water Systems

Reducing electric power costs in small water systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
John E. Regnier ◽  
Richard Winters
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Small Water Systems ◽  
Power Costs

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness due toGiardia, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, E. coliO157 and norovirus associated with private wells and small water systems in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 1355-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. MURPHY ◽  
M. K. THOMAS ◽  
P. J. SCHMIDT ◽  
D. T. MEDEIROS ◽  
S. McFADYEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Small Water

SUMMARYWaterborne illness related to the consumption of contaminated or inadequately treated water is a global public health concern. Although the magnitude of drinking water-related illnesses in developed countries is lower than that observed in developing regions of the world, drinking water is still responsible for a proportion of all cases of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in Canada. The estimated burden of endemic AGI in Canada is 20·5 million cases annually – this estimate accounts for under-reporting and under-diagnosis. About 4 million of these cases are domestically acquired and foodborne, yet the proportion of waterborne cases is unknown. There is evidence that individuals served by private systems and small community systems may be more at risk of waterborne illness than those served by municipal drinking water systems in Canada. However, little is known regarding the contribution of these systems to the overall drinking water-related AGI burden in Canada. Private water supplies serve an estimated 12% of the Canadian population, or ~4·1 million people. An estimated 1·4 million (4·1%) people in Canada are served by small groundwater (2·6%) and surface water (1·5%) supplies. The objective of this research is to estimate the number of AGI cases attributable to water consumption from these supplies in Canada using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. This provides a framework for others to develop burden of waterborne illness estimates for small water supplies. A multi-pathogen QMRA ofGiardia, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, E. coliO157 and norovirus, chosen as index waterborne pathogens, for various source water and treatment combinations was performed. It is estimated that 103 230 AGI cases per year are due to the presence of these five pathogens in drinking water from private and small community water systems in Canada. In addition to providing a mechanism to assess the potential burden of AGI attributed to small systems and private well water in Canada, this research supports the use of QMRA as an effective source attribution tool when there is a lack of randomized controlled trial data to evaluate the public health risk of an exposure source. QMRA is also a powerful tool for identifying existing knowledge gaps on the national scale to inform future surveillance and research efforts.

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