DATA QUALIFICATION REPORT: WATER-LEVEL DATA FROM THE NYE COUNTY EARLY WARNING DRILLING PROGRAM

Floods and their problems show an increasing indication when rainfall is high. Data from BNPB shows that floods, landslides and tornadoes contributed to the total disasters in Indonesia in a decade. The existence of an early warning flood disaster can help evacuate before a disaster strikes. The system requires a water level detector as the basic data for determining flood predictions. In order to get the water level value, a touch water method can be used using electrodes or without touching the water with the help of pressure sensors, ultrasonic and imaging. Each method has advantages over the other. In this study, the effectivity and accuracy of detecting water levels were investigated using 3 methods: the direct touch of water through nickel wire, buoys with encoder, and pressure sensors. Detection of water levels can be used as a reference to obtain river water level data which is then connected via an IoT or internet connection as a reference for the Early Warning System for the arrival of floods. This study found that changes in water level of less than 30 cm can utilize buoys and encoders with an accuracy of detecting 5 to 6 counts per 1 mm increase in water level. Meanwhile, the measurement of less than 30 cm water level using nickel wire resulted in a non-linear value. The utilization of nickel wire can be used for a height of more than 30 cm where the change in resistivity has started to be linear. ADC change value is 2.93 mV/cm using 10 bit ADC at 5 Volt reference voltage. For water level heights of 50 cm and above, a pressure sensor can use a pressure sensor that can detect changes in pressure of 0.002 in Hg/mm or 0.05 mmHg/mm.

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Water-level data from wells and test holes through 1991 and potentiometric contours as of 1991 for Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada

10.2172/137407 ◽

1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.S. Hale ◽

D.A. Trudeau ◽

C.S. Savard

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Test Site ◽

Nevada Test Site ◽

Level Data ◽

Water Level Data ◽

Nye County

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Using persistent homology as preprocessing of early warning signals for critical transition in flood

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86739-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Syed Mohamad Sadiq Syed Musa ◽

Mohd Salmi Md Noorani ◽

Fatimah Abdul Razak ◽

Munira Ismail ◽

Mohd Almie Alias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Early Warning ◽

Persistent Homology ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Warning Signals ◽

Data Set ◽

Early Warning Signals ◽

New Information ◽

Level Data ◽

Water Level Data

AbstractFlood early warning systems (FLEWSs) contribute remarkably to reducing economic and life losses during a flood. The theory of critical slowing down (CSD) has been successfully used as a generic indicator of early warning signals in various fields. A new tool called persistent homology (PH) was recently introduced for data analysis. PH employs a qualitative approach to assess a data set and provide new information on the topological features of the data set. In the present paper, we propose the use of PH as a preprocessing step to achieve a FLEWS through CSD. We test our proposal on water level data of the Kelantan River, which tends to flood nearly every year. The results suggest that the new information obtained by PH exhibits CSD and, therefore, can be used as a signal for a FLEWS. Further analysis of the signal, we manage to establish an early warning signal for ten of the twelve flood events recorded in the river; the two other events are detected on the first day of the flood. Finally, we compare our results with those of a FLEWS constructed directly from water level data and find that FLEWS via PH creates fewer false alarms than the conventional technique.

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