scholarly journals In Situ Sensors for the Chemical Industry- Final Report

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Tate ◽  
Trevor Knittel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Final Report ◽  
In Situ Sensors

The role of forest deadwood in rockfall protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ringenbach ◽  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Perry Bartelt ◽  
Andrin Caviezel
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Runout Distance ◽  
In Situ Sensors ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Rockfall Protection

<p>Forests with a high density and basal area of living trees are known for their function as natural and cost-efficient protection against rockfall. The role of deadwood, however, is less understood. We address this knowledge gap in this contribution as we present the results of repeated real-scale experiments in a) a montane beech-spruce forest with and without deadwood and b) in a subalpine scrub mountain pine-spruce forest with deadwood. We used artificial rocks with either an equant or platy shape, masses between 45 kg and 800 kg (≈ 0.3 m3), and equipped with in-situ sensors to gain insights into rotational velocities and impact-accelerations. Clusters of deadwood and erected root plates reduced the mean runout distance at both study sites. For site a), we found that more rocks were stopped behind lying than living trees and that the stopping effect of deadwood was greater for equant compared to platy rock shapes. Site b) revealed a braking effect of scrub mountain pines for relatively small (45 kg), but also a visible reduction in rotational velocities for the 800 kg rocks sensor stream. We conclude that deadwood must be taken into account in rockfall modeling and the management of rockfall protection forests.</p>

Distributed Modal Voltages of Nonlinear Paraboloidal Shells With Distributed Neurons

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Tzou ◽  
J. H. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Shells Of Revolution ◽  
Membrane Component ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
In Situ Sensors ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Paraboloidal Shell

Effective health monitoring and distributed control of advanced structures depends on accurate measurements of dynamic responses of elastic structures. Conventional sensors used for structural measurement are usually add-on “discrete” devices. Lightweight distributed thin-film piezoelectric neurons fully integrated (laminated or embedded) with structural components can serve as in-situ sensors monitoring structure’s dynamic state and health status. This study is to investigate modal voltages and detailed signal contributions of linear or nonlinear paraboloidal shells of revolution laminated with piezoelectric neurons. Signal generation of distributed neuron sensors laminated on paraboloidal shells is defined first, based on the open-voltage assumption and Maxwell’s principle. The neuron signal of a linear paraboloidal shell is composed of a linear membrane component and a linear bending component; the signal of a nonlinear paraboloidal shell is composed of nonlinear and linear membrane components and a linear bending component due to the von Karman geometric nonlinearity. Signal components and distributed modal voltages of linear and nonlinear paraboloidal shells with various curvatures and thickness are investigated.

scholarly journals Development of In-Situ Sensors for CO2 to Fuel Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Houkan ◽  
Omar Shehata ◽  
Karthik Kannan ◽  
John-John Cabibihan ◽  
Aboubakr M. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
In Situ Sensors

Conversion of CO2 into fuel is an interesting and promising field. However, the conversion yield is hard to measure during the conversion process. Here, we have developed two techniques to measure the amount of CO2 while the reaction is taking place. First method is colorimetry, where a chemical is added to the solution, and it changes color depending on the resulting product. The second method is the atomization of the resulting solution. Thereafter, the results were measured by a gas sensor. The prepared sensors are cost effective and portable to use.

scholarly journals ROAD TEMPERATURE MODELLING WITHOUT IN-SITU SENSORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Opara ◽  
Jan Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
The Road ◽  
In Situ Sensors ◽  
Pavement Temperature

Modelling of the pavement temperature facilitates winter road maintenance. It is used for predicting the glaze formation and for scheduling the spraying of the de-icing brine. The road weather is commonly forecasted by solving the energy balance equations. It requires setting the initial vertical profile of the pavement temperature, which is often obtained from the Road Weather Information Stations. The paper proposes the use of average air temperature from seven preceding days as a pseudo-observation of the subsurface temperature. Next, the road weather model is run with a few days offset. It first uses the recent, historical weather data and then the available forecasts. This approach exploits the fact that the energy balance models tend to “forget” their initial conditions and converge to the baseline solution. The experimental verification was conducted using the Model of the Environment and Temperature of Roads and the data from a road weather station in Warsaw over a period of two years. The additional forecast error introduced by the proposed pseudo-observational initialization averages 1.2 °C in the first prediction hour and then decreases in time. The paper also discusses the use of Digital Surface Models to take into account the shading effects, which are an essential source of forecast errors in urban areas. Limiting the use of in-situ sensors opens a perspective for an economical, largescale implementation of road meteorological models.

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