scholarly journals Historical and Retrospective Survey of Monitored Natural Attenuation: A Line of Inquiry Supporting Monitored Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Passive Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
BB LOONEY
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Passive Remediation ◽  
Monitored Natural Attenuation

scholarly journals POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENTS TO NATURAL ATTENUATION: LINES OF INQUIRY SUPPORTING ENHANCED PASSIVE REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Vangelas ◽  
T Tom Early ◽  
M Michael Heitkamp ◽  
B Brian02 Looney ◽  
D David Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Passive Remediation

Application of monitored natural attenuation to remediate a petroleum-hydrocarbon spill site

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Kao ◽  
W.Y. Huang ◽  
L.J. Chang ◽  
T.Y. Chen ◽  
H.Y. Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Passive Remediation ◽  
Monitored Natural Attenuation ◽  
Transport Path ◽  
Spill Site ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Contamination of groundwater by petroleum-hydrocarbons is a serious environmental problem. The Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) approach is a passive remediation to degrade and dissipate groundwater contaminants in situ. In this study, a full-scale natural bioremediation investigation was conducted at a gasoline spill site. Results show that concentrations of major contaminants (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) dropped to below detection limit before they reached the downgradient monitor well located 280 m from the spill location. The results also reveal that natural biodegradation was the major cause of the observed contaminant reduction. The calculated natural first-order attenuation rates for BTEX and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (1,2,4-TMB) ranged from 0.051 (benzene) to 0.189 1/day (1,2,4-TMB). Evidence for the occurrence of natural attenuation includes the following: (1) depletion of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate; (2) production of dissolved ferrous iron, sulfide, and CO2; (3) decreased BTEX concentrations and BTEX as carbon to TOC ratio along the transport path; (4) increased alkalinity and microbial populations; (5) limited spreading of the BTEX plume; and (6) preferential removal of certain BTEX components along the transport path. Additionally, the biodegradation capacity (44.73 mg/L) for BTEX and 1,2,4-TMB was much higher than other detected contaminants within the plume. Hence, natural attenuation can effectively contain the plume, and biodegradation processes played an important role in contaminant removal.

Monitored natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents—Moving beyond reductive dechlorination

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Vangelas ◽  
Brian B. Looney ◽  
Tom O. Early ◽  
Tyler Gilmore ◽  
Francis H. Chapelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Monitored Natural Attenuation
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