scholarly journals Electrochemical Noise Sensors for Detection of Localized and General Corrosion of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines. Final Report for the Period July 2001-October 2002

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie J. Bullard ◽  
Jr., Bernard S. Covino ◽  
James H. Russell ◽  
Gordon R. Holcomb ◽  
Stephen D. Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Noise ◽  
Final Report ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

A Precipitation-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Model for Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Finley ◽  
David L. Slayter ◽  
Chris S. Hitchcock ◽  
Chih-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Landslides related to heavy rainfall can cause extensive damage to natural gas transmission pipelines. We have developed and implemented a geographic information system (GIS) model that evaluates near real-time precipitation-induced landslide susceptibility. This model incorporates state-wide precipitation data and geologically-based landslide classifications to produce rapid landslide risk evaluation for Pacific Gas & Electric Company’s (PG&E) gas transmission system during winter rain storms in California. The precipitation data include pre-storm event quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) and post-storm event quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The geologic classifications are based on slope, susceptible geologic formations, and the locations of historic or known landslide occurrences. Currently the model is calibrated using qualitative measures. Various scientists have developed large landslide databases with associated rainfall statistics to determine rainfall thresholds that trigger landslides. With a sufficient number of landslides, we can more precisely determine minimum rainfall thresholds using similar methods.

Interactive Simulation of Gas Decompression and Crack Propagation in Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Makino ◽  
Yoshiaki Kawaguchi ◽  
Yoichiro Matsumoto ◽  
Shu Takagi ◽  
Shinobu Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Propagating Shear ◽  
Fracture Arrest ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

In this paper, the propagating shear fracture in natural gas transmission pipelines is simulated by an interactive method between gas decompression and crack propagation. A rich gas which contains heavier hydrocarbons than methane is highlighted and the relation between the crack velocity and the distance is simulated for varied condition of pipelines. The results of simulation are shown in the relation between the fracture arrest distance and the toughness of the pipes used, and the effects of the difference in gas compositions, increase of the operating pressure and the change of the initial gas temperature are discussed. The results of the simulation make it clear that the rich gas increases the risk for long running fracture, the simple increase of the operating pressure by increasing the design factor causes long crack propagation, increase of the operating pressure by using higher grade pipes not always invites long crack propagation and lower temperature increases the fracture arrest distance in relatively lower pressure but decreases the distance in relatively higher pressure. All the discussion in this study indicates that the analysis of the decompression behavior of the inner gas is essential for the interpretation of the phenomenon of the propagating shear fracture in pipelines. It is concluded that the fluid characteristics of the gas transmitted and material characteristics of the pipes used should be matched appropriately for the safety of the pipelines.

Small Diameter Remote Field Eddy Current Inspection for Unpiggable Pipelines

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Teitsma ◽  
Stephen Takach ◽  
Julie Maupin ◽  
Jennifer Fox ◽  
Paul Shuttleworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Eddy Current Inspection ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Prototype Design ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

In-line inspection tools cannot inspect most of the natural gas transmission pipelines and distribution mains due to restrictions in the pipelines that will not allow a tool equipped with current inspection technologies to pass. Remote field eddy current (RFEC) inspection is an excellent candidate for inspecting a pipeline with multiple diameters, valve and bore restrictions and tight or miter bends. The results of this paper show that the RFEC technique can inspect pipeline materials, and that all of the components needed for RFEC inspection can be made much smaller that the pipe diameter. RFEC inspection is commercially available for inspecting small diameter piping without restrictions, several hundred feet at a time. The prototype design described in this paper shows this technology will work in a free-swimming tool that can inspect miles of pipeline at time and bypass restrictions.

Investigation of Southern California Natural Gas Infrastructure to Transport and Store Hydrogen to Meet Electric Demand Based on a 100% Renewable Energy Portfolio

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heydarzadeh ◽  
Jack Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Abstract In this research, we utilize Southern California (SoCal) natural gas transmission pipelines and underground storage resources for transporting and storing hydrogen gas for a 100% renewable energy penetration. The goal is to determine to what extent natural gas infrastructure can be used to deliver and store hydrogen to meet SoCal electric demand for a 100% renewable energy portfolio. Hydrogen is produced from solar power generation using electrolysis next to the gas transmission pipelines whenever it is available in quantities greater than the electricity demand. It was found that using four main transmission pipelines owned by Southern California Gas company (SoCalGas) to transport hydrogen from the point of production to the four underground storage fields to store and later generate electricity through fuel cells can transport and store hydrogen sufficient to meet 40% of the SoCal electricity demand. That is, without any investment in additional transmission and distribution infrastructure, and without any investment in energy storage, the idea of building solar farms in the desert and using only the gas system for storage and transmission and distribution leads to a 40% increase in renewable electricity for the state.

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