scholarly journals Long range climate effect of carbon dioxide and sulfate aerosols

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren M. Washington ◽  
Gerald A. Meehl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Climate Effect

scholarly journals Atmospheric CO2 measurements with a 2-μm DIAL instrument

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 05045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Cadiou ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Dherbecourt ◽  
Guillaume Gorju ◽  
Jean-Michel Melkonian ◽  
Antoine Godard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Scattered Signal ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Differential Absorption Lidar ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Concentration Measurements ◽  
Parametric Source

We report on ground-based atmospheric concentration measurements of carbon dioxide, using a pulsed direct detection differential absorption lidar operating at 2051 nm. The transmitter is based on a tunable parametric source emitting 10-mJ energy, 10-ns duration Fourier-limited pulses. Range resolved concentration measurements have been carried out on the aerosol back-scattered signal. Cloud signals have been used to get long range integrated-path measurements.

Carbon Dioxide and the Environment: A Problem of Uncertainty

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
John Lemons
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Remedial Action

The combustion of fossil fuels increases atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. This may cause a long-term warming of the atmosphere. Solutions to the carbon dioxide problem are particularly difficult because adverse effects will be felt by future generations, but remedial action and sacrifices must be made by present generations. Decisions regarding the problem which affect both the immediate and long-range future must be made deliberately or by default in perhaps only 15-20 years, before we are reasonably confident with our knowledge of the problem and before we know whether it will, in fact, occur. Much of the uncertainty involves projections of future energy use, and scientific knowledge of the carbon cycle and the environment.

scholarly journals THz time-domain spectroscopy of mixed CO2–CH3OH interstellar ice analogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (30) ◽  
pp. 20199-20207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. McGuire ◽  
Sergio Ioppolo ◽  
Marco A. Allodi ◽  
Geoffrey A. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Thz Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Domain Spectroscopy ◽  
Interstellar Ice

THz spectroscopy provides an exquisitely sensitive probe into the long-range structure and segregation of mixtures of two primary interstellar ice constituents: carbon dioxide and methanol.

scholarly journals Source apportionment of the organic aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean from 53° N to 53° S: significant contributions from marine emissions and long-range transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 18043-18062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Huang ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Laurent Poulain ◽  
Manuela van Pinxteren ◽  
Maik Merkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Dms Oxidation ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Marine aerosol particles are an important part of the natural aerosol systems and might have a significant impact on the global climate and biological cycle. It is widely accepted that truly pristine marine conditions are difficult to find over the ocean. However, the influence of continental and anthropogenic emissions on the marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosol is still less understood and non-quantitative, causing uncertainties in the estimation of the climate effect of marine aerosols. This study presents a detailed chemical characterization of the MBL aerosol as well as the source apportionment of the organic aerosol (OA) composition. The data set covers the Atlantic Ocean from 53∘ N to 53∘ S, based on four open-ocean cruises in 2011 and 2012. The aerosol particle composition was measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), which indicated that sub-micrometer aerosol particles over the Atlantic Ocean are mainly composed of sulfates (50 % of the particle mass concentration), organics (21 %) and sea salt (12 %). OA has been apportioned into five factors, including three factors linked to marine sources and two with continental and/or anthropogenic origins. The marine oxygenated OA (MOOA, 16 % of the total OA mass) and marine nitrogen-containing OA (MNOA, 16 %) are identified as marine secondary products with gaseous biogenic precursors dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or amines. Marine hydrocarbon-like OA (MHOA, 19 %) was attributed to the primary emissions from the Atlantic Ocean. The factor for the anthropogenic oxygenated OA (Anth-OOA, 19 %) is related to continental long-range transport. Represented by the combustion oxygenated OA (Comb-OOA), aged combustion emissions from maritime traffic and wild fires in Africa contributed, on average, a large fraction to the total OA mass (30 %). This study provides the important finding that long-range transport was found to contribute averagely 49 % of the submicron OA mass over the Atlantic Ocean. This is almost equal to that from marine sources (51 %). Furthermore, a detailed latitudinal distribution of OA source contributions showed that DMS oxidation contributed markedly to the OA over the South Atlantic during spring, while continental-related long-range transport largely influenced the marine atmosphere near Europe and western and central Africa (15∘ N to 15∘ S). In addition, supported by a solid correlation between marine tracer methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and the DMS-oxidation OA (MOOA, R2>0.85), this study suggests that the DMS-related secondary organic aerosol (SOA) over the Atlantic Ocean could be estimated by MSA and a scaling factor of 1.79, especially in spring.

Significant evidence of C⋯O and C⋯C long-range contacts in several heterodimeric complexes of CO with CH3–X, should one refer to them as carbon and dicarbon bonds!

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 17238-17252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep R. Varadwaj ◽  
Arpita Varadwaj ◽  
Bih-Yaw Jin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Intermolecular Complex ◽  
Significant Evidence

An illustrated example of a ‘dicarbon bond’ formed between a pair of two carbon atoms of the OC⋯CH3–Cl3intermolecular complex, one corresponding to the methylated carbon in 1,1,1-trichloro-ethane (CH3–Cl3) and one to the carbon in the carbon dioxide (CO) molecule.

Long-range coherence length of carbon dioxide near its critical point

1970 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chu ◽  
J.S. Lin ◽  
J.A. Duisman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Coherence Length
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