scholarly journals Carbon dioxide and the stomatal control of water balance and photosynthesis in higher plants

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Taiz ◽  
E. Zeiger ◽  
B. T. Mawson ◽  
K. Cornish ◽  
J. W. Radin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Stomatal Control

Inhibition of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthesis by Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Kitchen ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Charles E. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Porphyrin Ring ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Site Of Action

The effect of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and corn (Zea maysL.) shoot δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production was examined by monitoring ALA content in the tissue and measuring incorporation of14C precursors into ALA and chlorophylla. Barley shoot ALA content was significantly decreased by 1 mM glyphosate after 9, 11, and 15 h of illumination. ALA production by treated barley shoots was 30 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1at each interval tested, compared with 75 to 120 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1for the control. In corn shoots, ALA content was reduced 32, 45, and 58% by 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mM glyphosate, respectively, after 12 h illumination. Incorporation studies with14C-glutamate,14C-α-ketoglutarate, and14C-glycine into ALA showed a 77, 92, and 91% inhibition, respectively, in barley shoots treated with 1 mM glyphosate. Incorporation of14C-ALA into chlorophyllawas not affected by 1 mM glyphosate. Thus, the site of action of glyphosate may involve two enzyme pathways:one controlling the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to ALA, and the other controlling the condensation of glycine with succinyl CoA to form ALA and carbon dioxide. Inhibition of ALA synthesis blocks synthesis of chlorophyll, as well as all other porphyrin ring compounds found in higher plants. Thus, inhibition of ALA synthesis may be an integral component of the herbicidal mode of action of glyphosate.

The behaviour of plants in various gas mixtures

1971 ◽  
Vol 179 (1056) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The effects of the composition and pressure of the ambient gas mixture on the diffusive gas exchange of leaves, and the effects of carbon dioxide and oxygen on respiration and photosynthesis are described. When photosynthesis is limited by the rate at which carbon dioxide reaches the chloroplasts, the net rate of photosynthesis of many (but not all) plant species depends on the ambient oxygen partial pressure. The effect of oxygen may be principally to stimulate a respiratory process rather than to inhibit carboxylation. However, when photosynthesis is not limited by the carbon dioxide supply, this respiratory process seems to be suppressed. The gas exchange of plant communities responds to the aerial environment in the way expected from measurements on single leaves, but the growth response to a given difference in gas composition is smaller than expected because of adaptation, notably in the ratio of leaf dry mass to leaf area. It is concluded that the growth rate of higher plants in given illumination will be independent of the partial pressure of oxygen and of other gases likely to be used to dilute it, provided that the carbon dioxide partial pressure is so adjusted (probably to not more than 2 mbar (200 Pa)) that the rate of photosynthesis is not limited by the rate of diffusion to the chloroplasts.

Factors Altering Spiracle Control in Adult Dragonflies: Water Balance

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343
Author(s):  
P. L. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Degree Of Control

1. Dragonflies caught in the wild display a marked variation in the degree of control exercised over their spiracles. 2. In the laboratory desiccation produces tighter control and hydration looser control of spiracle 2: that is, in a partially desiccated insect the thresholds of the spiracular responses to carbon dioxide and to oxygen lack are raised. 3. In desiccated insects the frequency of motor impulses to the spiracles is higher than in hydrated individuals. These effects can be reproduced by perfusion with physiological salines of various strengths. 4. The reaction does not depend on the osmotic pressure of the solution but on the concentration of one or more of its constituents. 5. The isolated mesothoracic ganglion is able to mediate this reaction.

scholarly journals The respiration of barley plants I—Methods for the determination of carbohydrates in leaves

1935 ◽  
Vol 117 (806) ◽  
pp. 483-504 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Oxidative Breakdown ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Experimental Difficulty

There is much evidence to show that under normal circumstances the respiration of higher plants involves the oxidative breakdown of hexose carbohydrate. During leaf starvation under carefully controlled external conditions, a gradual exhaustion of the carbohydrate substrate is, therefore, one of the important internal changes likely to affect the rate of carbon-dioxide production. The researches to be described here, and in a subsequent paper, were planned in order to test this possibility; an attempt has been made to discover the relation between the con­centration of readily available carbohydrate and the rate of carbon-dioxide production in starving leaves. The chief experimental difficulty involved was that of making accurate determinations of the various hexose sources present in the leaf, and methods whereby this could be done were tested extensively. Since the validity of many of the conclusions reached depends primarily on the accuracy of the analytical methods, it was considered important that an account of these should be included here. It is with this phase of the problem that the present paper is concerned.

scholarly journals Coordination of stomatal physiological behavior and morphology with carbon dioxide determines stomatal control

2015 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Haworth ◽  
Dilek Killi ◽  
Alessandro Materassi ◽  
Antonio Raschi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Stomatal Control

The effect of carbon dioxide on the chondriom of some species of higher plants

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie NadĚŽda KonČalovÁ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Higher Plants
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