Coastal zone wind energy. Part I. Synoptic and mesoscale controls and distributions of coastal wind energy

The present work aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the wind energy potential that characterizes the Romanian coastal environment using in situ measurements and reanalysis of wind data (ERA5) that cover a 42–year time interval (1979–2020). A total of 16 reference points (both land and offshore) equally distributed along the Romanian sector are used to evaluate the local wind energy potential, targeting in this way several sites where a renewable wind project could be established. Compared to the in situ measurements (land points), the ERA5 dataset underestimates the wind speed by at least 11.57%, this value increasing as we approach the coastline. From the analysis of the spatial maps, it is likely that the wind speed steadily increases from onshore to offshore, with a sharp variation near the coastline being reported. Furthermore, the assessment of some state-of-the-art offshore wind turbines was conducted using 12 systems defined by rated capacity ranging from 2 to 10 MW. Some scenarios were proposed to identify sustainable offshore wind projects to be implemented in the Romanian coastal zone based on these results.

Download Full-text

On the effect of the coastal zone wind regime on the optical characteristics of haze

Soviet Journal of Physical Oceanography ◽

10.1007/bf02198289 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

M. V. Panchenko ◽

V. V. Pol'kin ◽

V. Ya. Fadeev

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Optical Characteristics ◽

Wind Regime ◽

Zone Wind

Download Full-text

Prospects for the development of offshore wind power along the coast of the Sea of Azov

Geographical Education and Cartography ◽

10.26565/2075-1893-2019-30-01 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Wind Power ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Sea Of Azov ◽

Offshore Wind Energy ◽

Energy Potential ◽

The Sea Of Azov

Introduction. One of the most popular alternative sources is wind energy. Offshore power stations are those which use kinetic energy of the wind and are built in shallow seas. Ukraine has access to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and has set the course to intensify the use of its own energy sources. It is therefore advisable to consider the development of offshore wind energy in its coastal zones. The purpose of this article is to analyze the energy potential of the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov to determine the prospects for offshore wind energy development. The main material. The economically feasible wind power of Ukraine is 16 GW but a significant percentage of its territory is not suitable for the installation of wind power plants, so it is advisable to use the seas area. In the coastal regions of Ukraine the average wind speed exceeds 5 m/s, which makes them effective in terms of using wind energy. Using GIS modeling, based on the data from the Global Atlas for Renewable Energy «IRENA», the spatial distribution of the average annual wind speed over the Sea of Azov at an altitude of 50, 100, 200 m has been analyzed. Due to the wind speed from 6 to 9 m/s, the Sea of Azov has significant wind energy potential. Wind speed rising from west to east has been detected. The concentration zone of maximum wind speed is the northern and north-eastern coast of the Sea of Azov. Accordingly, most electricity can be produced in Taganrog Bay, and the smallest amount– at the western coast of the sea. The data on the the generated power that could be extracted by a turbine installed in these areas at different altitudes has been calculated. At an altitude of 200 m, the figures are maximum and range from 9.4 to 30.3 GWh/year. In general, the wind indexes as well as the area of the zones suitable for the installation of wind farms increase with a height. In this case, it is economically advantageous to install large wind turbines with a tower height at 100 m. Conclusions and further research. The offshore wind energy in the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov can be developed, but it needs support at the state level. The prospect of this study is to analyze the limiting factors for this water area and to clarify the design areas of the industry.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of a wind farm project for a smart city in the South-East Coastal Zone of Mauritius

Journal of Energy in Southern Africa ◽

10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i1a1565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

AZ Dhunny ◽

MR Lollchund ◽

SDDV Rughooputh

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

Smart City ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Ground Level ◽

The South ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Average Wind ◽

Energy Union

A study was carried out to analyse the potential of wind energy in the generation of electricity for a smart city which is located in the South-East Coastal Zone of Mauritius. A flat land area of 10 square km situated about 3.5 km from the smart city was chosen for the placement of a wind farm. The viability of the location was assessed by analysing ten years (Jan 2005 to Dec 2014) of mean hourly wind speed measured at a height of 10 m above ground level (m.a.g.l). The speed data was filtered according to the AWS (1997) guidelines and computed at 60 m.a.g.l using the power law formula. At this height, the average wind speeds was approximately 6.5 m/s, which was considered cost effective, as per the European Wind Energy Union guidelines for the harvesting of wind power. Estimated yearly power generated by a wind farm consisting of 40 wind turbines,each of rating capacity 275 kW, placed at a hub height of 60 m were made. The study resulted in an investment proposal for a 11 MW wind farm project in Mauritius.

Download Full-text

Occurrence of Low-Level Jets over the Eastern U.S. Coastal Zone at Heights Relevant to Wind Energy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15020445 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 445

Author(s):

Jeanie A. Aird ◽

Rebecca J. Barthelmie ◽

Tristan J. Shepherd ◽

Sara C. Pryor

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

East Coast ◽

Wrf Model ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Low Level ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Low Level Jets ◽

The U.S

Two years of high-resolution simulations conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are used to characterize the frequency, intensity and height of low-level jets (LLJ) over the U.S. Atlantic coastal zone. Meteorological conditions and the occurrence and characteristics of LLJs are described for (i) the centroids of thirteen of the sixteen active offshore wind energy lease areas off the U.S. east coast and (ii) along two transects extending east from the U.S. coastline across the northern lease areas (LA). Flow close to the nominal hub-height of wind turbines is predominantly northwesterly and southwesterly and exhibits pronounced seasonality, with highest wind speeds in November, and lowest wind speeds in June. LLJs diagnosed using vertical profiles of modeled wind speeds from approximately 20 to 530 m above sea level exhibit highest frequency in LA south of Massachusetts, where LLJs are identified in up to 12% of hours in June. LLJs are considerably less frequent further south along the U.S. east coast and outside of the summer season. LLJs frequently occur at heights that intersect the wind turbine rotor plane, and at wind speeds within typical wind turbine operating ranges. LLJs are most frequent, intense and have lowest core heights under strong horizontal temperature gradients and lower planetary boundary layer heights.

Download Full-text