Energy balances in the production and end-use of methanol derived from coal

Throughout history the development of the countries has been generated mainly by the impulse in two complementary axes: Science and Technology, and Trade. At present we are experiencing an exponential scientific and technological development and the Economy in all its fronts is driven by the intensive application of technology. According to these considerations, this research tries to expose the development of Innovation Management as a transversal mechanism to promote the different socioeconomic areas and especially those supported by engineering. To this end, use will be made of Technology Watch in order to identify the advances of the main research centres related to innovation in the world. Next, there will be an evaluation of the main models of Innovation Management and related methodologies that expose some of the existing Innovation Observatories in the world to finally make a proposal for Innovation Management applicable to the reality of Peru, so that it can be taken into consideration by stakeholders (Government, Academy, Business and Civil Society) committed to Innovation Management in the country

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Research and Development Trend of Energy End Use Model

IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy ◽

10.1541/ieejpes.135.347 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 135 (6) ◽

pp. 347-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoshiyuki Shimoda ◽

Yohei Yamaguchi

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Development Trend ◽

End Use

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Long-Term Energy Demand Forecasting in Romania: An End-Use Demand

10.1596/1813-9450-7697 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sunil Malla ◽

Govinda R. Timilsina

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Demand Forecasting ◽

Energy Demand Forecasting ◽

Term Energy ◽

End Use

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ATI 409HP

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ss1135 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

High Temperature ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

End Use ◽

Oxidation And Corrosion

Abstract ATI 409HP (UNS S40900) ferritic stainless steel was introduced by ATI Allegheny Ludlum to provide improved oxidation and corrosion resistance for automotive exhaust systems in comparison to carbon steel. The alloy was designated "MF-1", indicating its end use: automotive mufflers. The good fabricability of this alloy, combined with its basic corrosion resistance and economy have significantly broadened the utility of ATI 409HP stainless steel. ATI 409HP consists of four grades: UNS S40900, S40910, S40920, and S40930. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1135. Producer or source: Allegheny Technologies Inc..

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Fiber energy efficiency Part I: Extended entropy model

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-2014-29-02-p322-331 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 322-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anders Karlström ◽

Karin Eriksson

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Temperature Profile ◽

Dynamic Models ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Multiscale Model ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Entropy Model ◽

Refining Zone ◽

Energy Balances ◽

Flat Zone

Abstract This is the first in a series of papers presenting the development of a comprehensive multiscale model with focus on fiber energy efficiency in thermo mechanical pulp processes. The fiber energy efficiency is related to the defibration and fibrillation work obtained when fibers and fiber bundles interact with the refining bars. The fiber energy efficiency differs from the total refining energy efficiency which includes the thermodynamical work as well. Extracting defibration and fibrillation work along the radius in the refining zone gives information valuable for fiber development studies.Models for this process must handle physical variables as well as machine specific parameters at different scales. To span the material and energy balances, spatial measurements from the refining zone must be available. In this paper, measurements of temperature profile and plate gaps from a full-scale CD-refiner are considered as model inputs together with a number of process variables. This enables the distributed consistency in the refining zone as well as the split of the total work between the flat zone and the CD-zone to be derived. As the temperature profile and the plate gap are available in the flat zone and the CD-zone at different process conditions it is also shown that the distributed pulp dynamic viscosity can be obtained. This is normally unknown in refining processes but certainly useful for all fluid dynamic models describing the bar-to-fiber interactions. Finally, it is shown that the inclusion of the machine parameters will be vital to get good estimates of the refining conditions and especially the split between the thermodynamical work and the defibration/fibrillation work.

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