Synthetic fuels from US oil shales: a technical and economic verification of the HYTORT Process. Project 61040 quarterly report, April 1-June 30, 1980

The transformation of high molecular weight components present in heavy oils into useable liquid fuels requires their decomposition by means of a variety of processes. The low molecular weight species produced recombine under controlled conditions to generate synthetic fuels. However, an important fraction undergo further recombination into higher molecular weight components, leading to the formation of coke. The optical texture of the coke can be related to its originating components. Those with high sulfur and oxygen content tend to produce cokes with small optical texture or fine mosaic, whereas compounds with relatively high hydrogen content are likely to produce large optical texture or domains. In addition, the structure of the parent chemical components, planar or nonplanar, determines the isotropic or anisotropic character of the coke. Planar molecules have a tendency to align in an approximately parallel arrangement to initiate the formation of the nematic mesophase leading to the formation of anisotropic coke. Nonplanar highly alkylated compounds and/or those rich in polar groups form isotropic coke. The aliphatic branches produce steric hindrance to alignment, whereas the polar groups participate in cross-linking reactions.

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OIL YIELD AND BULK GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OIL SHALES FROM THE SONGLIAO AND HUADIAN BASINS, CHINA: A GRADE CLASSIFICATION APPROACH

Oil Shale ◽

10.3176/oil.2013.3.03 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 402 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P SUN ◽

Z LIU ◽

R GRATZER ◽

Y XU ◽

R LIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Yield ◽

Classification Approach ◽

Geochemical Parameters ◽

Grade Classification ◽

Oil Shales

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Technology Politics, An Analytical Unit

News for Teachers of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s019790190000307x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 17-17

Author(s):

Stephen R. Lefevre

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Space Shuttle ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Synthetic Fuels ◽

Public And Private ◽

Policy System ◽

Home Building ◽

Automobile Engines ◽

Civilian Defense

Political scientists are increasingly interested in understanding policymaking in civilian, defense and space technologies. The answer to the question why this is, is found partly in the emergence of the policy field itself, and partly in the enormously expanded role that government stimulus of technological innovation is playing in the public and private sectors. A listing of some recent programs — breeder and fusion reactor R&D, the space shuttle, windmill farm demonstration programs, synthetic fuels programs, and dial-a-ride transportation systems — gives some indication of the scope of federal involvement, and points up some of the implications that this enlarged role has for the student of public policy. Why, for instance, has government elected to stimulate innovations in certain technologies and not others? Who are the key actors shaping the policymaking process in R&D? Are their gaps in federal efforts? Is the policy system responding effectively to needs for renewable energy sources, alternative home building materials, gasoline-efficient automobile engines, etc?

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Catalytic and Noncatalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oil to Synthetic Fuels: An Introductory Review

Catalytic and Noncatalytic Upgrading of Oils - ACS Symposium Series ◽

10.1021/bk-2021-1379.ch001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Sonil Nanda ◽

Falguni Pattnaik ◽

Venu Babu Borugadda ◽

Ajay K. Dalai ◽

Janusz A. Kozinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Fuels ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Introductory Review

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Quantitative determination of organic adsorption capacity in the Palaeozoic shales from South China

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598720983036 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014459872098303

Author(s):

Sibo Wang ◽

Zhiguang Song ◽

Jia Xia ◽

Yuan Gao ◽

YaoPing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Soluble Organic Matter ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Immature Oil ◽

Methane Sorption ◽

Oil Shales ◽

The Impact ◽

Total Adsorption

In this study, the methane adsorption capacity of kerogen isolated from the Cambrian, Silurian, and Permian shales and the impact of soluble organic matter (SOM) on the adsorption capacity of these shales were investigated. The results reveal that 1) the adsorption capacity of kerogen varies in a broad range, from 14.48 to 23.22 cm3/g for the Cambrian kerogens, from 15.50 to 36.06 cm3/g for the Silurian kerogens, and from 10.71 to 11.15 cm3/g for the Permian kerogens; 2) the kerogen adsorption accounts for 33.67–70.23% of the total adsorption capacity of these Palaeozoic extracted shales, demonstrating that kerogen is the primary adsorbing substance in shales; 3) the adsorption isotherms of kerogen in highly mature Cambrian and Silurian shales are similar to those of Triassic coal, while the isotherms of kerogen in the relatively immature Permian shales are similar to those of the immature oil shales; and 4) the SOM demonstrates a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of shales as the removal of SOM can cause a maximum increase of 34.29% or a decrease of 23.36% in the total adsorption capacity of shales. However, there is no clear understanding of the impact of SOM on the methane sorption of shales.

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