scholarly journals Life-cycle energy analyses of electric vehicle storage batteries. Final report

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sullivan ◽  
T Morse ◽  
P Patel ◽  
S Patel ◽  
J Bondar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Storage Batteries

scholarly journals Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Market Introduction Study: Final Report

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Sikes ◽  
Thomas Gross ◽  
Zhenhong Lin ◽  
John Sullivan ◽  
Timothy Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Vehicle Market

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint of Electric Vehicles and Batteries Charging in View of Various Sources of Power Supply in the Czech Republic

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Jursova ◽  
Dorota Burchart-Korol ◽  
Pavlina Pustejovska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Main Determinant

In the light of recent developments regarding electric vehicle market share, we assess the carbon footprint and water footprint of electric vehicles and provide a comparative analysis of energy use from the grid to charge electric vehicle batteries in the Czech Republic. The analysis builds on the electricity generation forecast for the Czech Republic for 2015–2050. The impact of different sources of electricity supply on carbon and water footprints were analyzed based on electricity generation by source for the period. Within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the carbon footprint was calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method, while the water footprint was determined by the Water Scarcity method. The computational LCA model was provided by the SimaPro v. 8.5 package with the Ecoinvent v. 3 database. The functional unit of study was running an electric vehicle over 100 km. The system boundary covered an electric vehicle life cycle from cradle to grave. For the analysis, we chose a vehicle powered by a lithium-ion battery with assumed consumption 19.9 kWh/100 km. The results show that electricity generated to charge electric vehicle batteries is the main determinant of carbon and water footprints related to electric vehicles in the Czech Republic. Another important factor is passenger car production. Nuclear power is the main determinant of the water footprint for the current and future electric vehicle charging, while, currently, lignite and hard coal are the main determinants of carbon footprint.

scholarly journals A Fuzzy-Based Product Life Cycle Prediction for Sustainable Development in the Electric Vehicle Industry

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung Po Tsang ◽  
Wai Chi Wong ◽  
G. Q. Huang ◽  
Chun Ho Wu ◽  
Y. H. Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Product Life

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) has drawn considerable attention to the establishment of sustainable transport systems to enable improvements in energy optimization and air quality. EVs are now widely used by the public as one of the sustainable transportation measures. Nevertheless, battery charging for EVs create several challenges, for example, lack of charging facilities in urban areas and expensive battery maintenance. Among various components in EVs, the battery pack is one of the core consumables, which requires regular inspection and repair in terms of battery life cycle and stability. The charging efficiency is limited to the power provided by the facilities, and therefore the current business model for EVs is not sustainable. To further improve its sustainability, plug-in electric vehicle battery pack standardization (PEVBPS) is suggested to provide a uniform, standardized and mobile EV battery that is managed by centralized service providers for repair and maintenance tasks. In this paper, a fuzzy-based battery life-cycle prediction framework (FBLPF) is proposed to effectively manage the PEVBPS in the market, which integrates the multi-responses Taguchi method (MRTM) and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) as a whole for the decision-making process. MRTM is formulated based on selection of the most relevant and critical input variables from domain experts and professionals, while ANFIS takes part in time-series forecasting of the customized product life-cycle for demand and electricity consumption. With the aid of the FPLCPF, the revolution of the EV industry can be revolutionarily boosted towards total sustainable development, resulting in pro-active energy policies in the PEVBPS eco-system.

scholarly journals Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of a Structural Battery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zackrisson ◽  
Jönsson ◽  
Johannisson ◽  
Fransson ◽  
Posner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Structural Battery

With increasing interest in reducing fossil fuel emissions, more and more development is focused on electric mobility. For electric vehicles, the main challenge is the mass of the batteries, which significantly increase the mass of the vehicles and limits their range. One possible concept to solve this is incorporating structural batteries; a structural material that both stores electrical energy and carries mechanical load. The concept envisions constructing the body of an electric vehicle with this material and thus reducing the need for further energy storage. This research is investigating a future structural battery that is incorporated in the roof of an electric vehicle. The structural battery is replacing the original steel roof of the vehicle, and part of the original traction battery. The environmental implications of this structural battery roof are investigated with a life cycle assessment, which shows that a structural battery roof can avoid climate impacts in substantive quantities. The main emissions for the structural battery stem from its production and efforts should be focused there to further improve the environmental benefits of the structural battery. Toxicity is investigated with a novel chemical risk assessment from a life cycle perspective, which shows that two chemicals should be targeted for substitution.

A comparative life cycle assessment on lithium-ion battery: Case study on electric vehicle battery in China considering battery evolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2096663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoyao Wang ◽  
Jeongsoo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Battery Recycling ◽  
The Future

China has become the largest electric vehicle (EV) market in the world since 2015. Consequently, the lithium-ion battery (LiB) market in China is also expanding fast. LiB makers are continually introducing new types of LiBs into the market to improve LiBs’ performance. However, there will be a considerable amount of waste LiBs generated in China. These waste LiBs should be appropriately recycled to avoid resources’ waste or environmental pollution problems. Yet, because LiBs’ type keeps changing, the environmental impact and profitability of the waste LiB recycling industry in China become uncertain. In this research, we reveal the detailed life cycle process of EVs’ LiBs in China first. Then, the environmental impact of each type of LiB is speculated using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Moreover, we clarify how LiBs’ evolution will affect the economic effect of the waste battery recycling industry in China. We perform a sensitivity analysis focusing on waste LiBs’ collection rate. We found that along with LiBs’ evolution, their environmental impact is decreasing. Furthermore, if waste LiBs could be appropriately recycled, their life cycle environmental impact would be further dramatically decreased. On the other hand, the profitability of the waste battery recycling industry in China would decrease in the future. Moreover, it is essential to improve waste LiBs’ collection rate to establish an efficient waste LiB industry. Such a trend should be noticed by the Chinese government and waste LiB recycling operators to establish a sustainable waste LiB recycling industry in the future.

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