Michigan residential heating oil and propane price survey: 1995--1996 heating season. Final report

Raman microspectroscopy and thermo-optical-transmittance (TOT) method were used to study airborne ambient soot collected at the suburban air monitoring station in southern Poland during the residential heating (January-February) and non-heating (June–July) seasons of 2017. Carbonaceous material constituted on average 47.2 wt.% of PM2.5 during the heating season and 26.9 wt.% in the non-heating season. Average concentrations of OC (37.5 ± 11.0 μg/m3) and EC (5.3 ± 1.1 μg/m3) during the heating season were significantly higher than those in the non-heating season (OC = 2.65 ± 0.78 μg/m3, and EC = 0.39 ± 0.18 μg/m3). OC was a chief contributor to the TC mass concentration regardless of the season. All Raman parameters indicated coal combustion and biomass burning were the predominant sources of soot in the heating season. Diesel soot, which is structurally less ordered than soot from other sources, was dominant during the non-heating season. The D1 and G bands area ratio (D1A/GA) was the most sensitive Raman parameter that discriminated between various soot sources, with D1A/GA > 1 for diesel soot, and less than 1 for soot from coal and wood burning. Due to high daily variability of both TOT and Raman spectroscopy data, single-day measurements can be inconclusive regarding the soot source apportionment. Long-time measurement campaigns are recommended.

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Improving PM2.5 modelling results through development of the new hourly temporal emission profile – a case study of Poland

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4771 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maciej Kryza ◽

Małgorzata Werner ◽

Justyna Dudek

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Aerosols ◽

Atmospheric Pollutants ◽

Heating Season ◽

Night Time ◽

Emission Profile ◽

Premature Deaths ◽

Residential Heating ◽

European Environmental Agency ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10

High concentrations of atmospheric aerosols with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 mm (PM2.5) are frequently observed in several Central European countries during the heating season (October &#8211; March). Poland belongs to a group of EU countries with the highest concentrations of PM2.5, according to the European Environmental Agency. Large exposure to atmospheric pollutants leads to significant number of premature deaths attributable to adverse air quality in Poland.Coal combustion for residential heating is one of the main sources of PM2.5 in Poland. The quality of this fuel is often unknown, and this increases the uncertainty of national emission inventories and makes the modelling of PM2.5 concentrations challenging. Second, daily temporal emission profile (i.e. hours of the day when emission is released to the atmosphere) in residential heating sector is also rather uncertain. In this work, we developed a daily temporal emission profile using available measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from the 2017-2018 heating season. The profile was compared with the existing profile proposed within the INERIS project. New profile has longer peak of afternoon and night time emission, if compared to INERIS, and the morning peak is significantly lower. It means that more emission is released to the atmosphere during unfavorable meteorological conditions such as calm winds and temperature inversions, which are frequently observed during the afternoon and night.We have run two simulations using the EMEP4PL model with new and old (INERIS) emission profile. The simulations covered three heating seasons of 2015-2016, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Application of the new emission profile results in increased model &#8211; measurements correlation and reduced model bias.

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