scholarly journals Environmental, safety and health standards identification for geothermal energy. Report 6: neat stress

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Quilici ◽  
R.G. Anderson ◽  
J.B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Standards

Fundamental Studies of Plutonium Aging

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Wirth ◽  
Adam J. Schwartz ◽  
Michael J. Fluss ◽  
Maria J. Caturla ◽  
Mark A. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Conduction Band ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
Safety And Health

Plutonium metallurgy lies at the heart of science-based stockpile stewardship. One aspect is concerned with developing predictive capabilities to describe the properties of stockpile materials, including an assessment of microstructural changes with age. Yet, the complex behavior of plutonium, which results from the competition of its 5f electrons between a localized (atomic-like or bound) state and an itinerant (delocalized bonding) state, has been challenging materials scientists and physicists for the better part of five decades. Although far from quantitatively absolute, electronic-structure theory provides a description of plutonium that helps explain the unusual properties of plutonium, as recently reviewed by Hecker. (See also the article by Hecker in this issue.) The electronic structure of plutonium includes five 5f electrons with a very narrow energy width of the 5f conduction band, which results in a delicate balance between itinerant electrons (in the conduction band) or localized electrons and multiple lowenergy electronic configurations with nearly equivalent energies. These complex electronic characteristics give rise to unique macroscopic properties of plutonium that include six allotropes (at ambient pressure) with very close free energies but large (∼25%) density differences, a lowsymmetry monoclinic ground state rather than a high-symmetry close-packed cubic phase, compression upon melting (like water), low melting temperature, anomalous temperature-dependence of electrical resistance, and radioactive decay. Additionally, plutonium readily oxidizes and is toxic; therefore, the handling and fundamental research of this element is very challenging due to environmental, safety, and health concerns.

Environmental Safety and Health Issues Relating to Hazardous Wastes Generated by Chemical Industries

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Bo Tuo Jiang ◽  
Yan Qiang Jia ◽  
Xiao Long Xing ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Property Loss

The importance of chemical products in todays society is known, which can increase food production, improve the quality of life and extend the lifespan. However, their dangers are also obvious. In addition, a large number of chemical accidents, that produce chemicals, continue to take place in the chemical industries in spite of the great improvement in the safety management standard of worldwide chemical industries. Such accidents are taking place not only in the developing countries, but also in developed countries, which result in a lot of property loss, death and serious environmental issues with long term negative effects. Therefore, how to live with these substances and how to handle, use and dispose them safely have attracted much attention because chemical safety and risk management of chemicals have formed an international challenge.

scholarly journals Communicating Environmental, Safety and Health Law to Small Businesses in New Zealand: The Fundamental Missing Link

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michael Louisson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Training Programmes

<p>The majority of small New Zealand businesses do not understand their environmental, safety and health protection responsibilities. This is the finding of recent research, including that of the New Zealand Occupational Safety and Health Service (Bateman, 1999:19). The same problem was identified some 30 years ago by Lord Robens in the United Kingdom (Robens, 1972). Without a sound understanding, businesses can not properly meet their obligations to comply with environmental, safety and health statutes, such as the Dangerous Goods Regulations 1958, Resource Management Act 1991, Building Act 1991 and the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992. There are 63 environmental and safety statutes, which have a total of 3,993 pages. It is estimated that this total is growing at about 300 pages per year. The same level of understanding is required irrespective of organisation size. Larger companies are normally able to establish policies, sections, committees, club memberships, training programmes and effective systems to meet their needs. Somehow small businesses must understand the same law, but without the majority of the tools and resources available to larger companies. Small businesses therefore need a particularly effective communications process, which appears to be beyond their scope to develop; and therefore provides a worthy research topic. The research identifies the fundamental missing link in the compliance chain, as hypothesised by Mayhew (Mayhew, 1997:44), to be communication of law, and develops a customised compliance handbook to ease understanding of the law. The handbook concept was tested with seven small businesses involving land survey, hardware retail, car repair, petrol dispensing, electroplating, fast food supply and shipping. These case studies show the handbook is an effective way to inform small New Zealand businesses of their responsibilities under environmental and safety law. The research also identifies the need for industry based 'champions' to coach small businesses to achieve the required standard.</p>

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