scholarly journals Proposed method for assigning metric tons of heavy metal values to defense high-level waste forms to be disposed of in a geologic repository

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Not Given Author
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Options for Determining Equivalent MHTM (Metric Tons of Heavy Metal) for DOE High Level Waste

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter August Knecht ◽  
James Henry Valentine ◽  
Alan Jay Luptak ◽  
Merle Daniel Staiger ◽  
Henry Hung Yiu Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
High Level

A Comparison of the Performance of Nuclear Waste Glasses by Modeling

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grambow ◽  
D. M. Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
High Level

The reprocessing of spent fuel from nuclear reactors and processing of fuels for defense purposes have generated large volumes of high-level liquid waste that need to be immobilized prior to final storage. For immobilization, the wastes must be converted to a less soluble solid, and, although other waste forms exist, glass currently appears to be the choice for the transuranic-containing portion of the reprocessed waste. Once produced, this glass will be sent in canisters to a geologic repository located some 200 to 500 m below the surface of the earth.

Performance of Borosilicate Glass High-Level Waste Forms in Disposal Systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
Edward J. Hennelly ◽  
E. I. Du Pont de Nemours
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
High Level

Dose-Dependence of Pb-Ion Implantation Damage in Zirconolite, Hollandite, and Zircon

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Headley ◽  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
C. J. M. Northrup
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
High Level

The long-term stability of nuclear waste forms is an important consideration in their selection for safe disposal of radioactive waste. Stability against long-term radiation damage is particularly difficult to assess by short-term laboratory experiments. Much of the displacement damage in high-level waste forms will be generated by heavy recoil nuclei emitted during the α-decay process of long-lived actinide elements. Hence, an accelerated aging test which reliably simulates the α-recoil damage accumulated during thousands of years of storage is desirable. One recent approach to this simulation is to implant the waste form with heavy Pb-ions.I- 6 If the validity of this approach is to be fully assessed, two important questions which have not yet been investigated must be answered.(1) Is the structural damage, including cumulative effects, similar for irradiation by Pb-ions and a-recoil nuclei in a given material? (2) Is the dose-dependence of the accumulated damage similar? The purpose of this investigation was to assess the extent of these similarities in selected materials. We utilized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to characterize the radiation damage and measure its dose-dependence.

Determination of the Corrosion Mechanisms of High-Level Waste Containing Glass

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Scholze ◽  
Reinhard Conradt ◽  
Heinrich Engelke ◽  
Hans Roggendorf
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
High Level

The German concept of high level waste final storage provides the use of certain glasses containing radioelement oxides as glass components. These waste forms are to be stored in rock salt formations in order to isolate the waste from the biosphere. The efficiency of this isolation is a most important question. The aim is to achieve a high safety standard that remains valid under extreme conditions such as the uncontrolled water entrance to the deposit.

Maximum Individual Dose and Vicinity-Average Dose for a Geologic Repository

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Pigford ◽  
E. D. Zwahlen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maximum Exposure

ABSTRACTRecent proposals for a new U.S. standard for high-level waste disposal would limit the average dose to individuals in the vicinity surrounding a geologic repository. This would be a new approach to protecting the public from environmental releases of radioactivity. Heretofore, criteria adopted for geologic disposal have limited the reasonable maximum exposure to a future hypothetical individual. Here we present quantitative analyses of the relation between maximum exposure and vicinity-average exposure, resulting from future human use of ground water contaminated by radioactive releases from a repository.Estimating the vicinity-average exposure would require postulates and guesses of location and habits of future people. Exposure probabilities postulated by others show that proposed dose limit to the vicinity-average individual would be a far more lenient standard than the traditional dose limit to reasonably maximally exposed individuals. The proposed vicinity-average dose limit would allow far greater concentrations of contaminants in ground water than would be allowed by normal standards of ground water protection. A safety standard that limits vicinity-average exposure should also include limits on maximum exposure.

scholarly journals Stability of High-Level Waste Forms

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M Besmann ◽  
John D Vienna
Keyword(s):  
High Level Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
High Level
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