scholarly journals Production test 105-2-P (Supplement A) - Activity of pile discharge water (Activation of manganese and iron)

1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. West
Author(s):  
Amy Poe ◽  
Steve Brockett ◽  
Tony Rubalcava

Abstract The intent of this work is to demonstrate the importance of charged device model (CDM) ESD testing and characterization by presenting a case study of a situation in which CDM testing proved invaluable in establishing the reliability of a GaAs radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). The problem originated when a sample of passing devices was retested to the final production test. Nine of the 200 sampled devices failed the retest, thus placing the reliability of all of the devices in question. The subsequent failure analysis indicated that the devices failed due to a short on one of two capacitors, bringing into question the reliability of the dielectric. Previous ESD characterization of the part had shown that a certain resistor was likely to fail at thresholds well below the level at which any capacitors were damaged. This paper will discuss the failure analysis techniques which were used and the testing performed to verify the failures were actually due to ESD, and not caused by weak capacitors.


Author(s):  
D.S. Patrick ◽  
L.C. Wagner ◽  
P.T. Nguyen

Abstract Failure isolation and debug of CMOS integrated circuits over the past several years has become increasingly difficult to perform on standard failure analysis functional testers. Due to the increase in pin counts, clock speeds, increased complexity and the large number of power supply pins on current ICS, smaller and less equipped testers are often unable to test these newer devices. To reduce the time of analysis and improve the failure isolation capabilities for failing ICS, failure isolation is now performed using the same production testers used in product development, multiprobe and final test. With these production testers, the test hardware, program and pattern sets are already available and ready for use. By using a special interface that docks the production test head to failure isolation equipment such as the emission microscope, liquid crystal station and E-Beam prober, the analyst can quickly and easily isolate the faillure on an IC. This also enables engineers in design, product engineering and the waferfab yield enhancement groups to utilize this equipment to quickly solve critical design and yield issues. Significant cycle time savings have been achieved with the migration to this method of electrical stimulation for failure isolation.


Author(s):  
Rose Emergo ◽  
Steve Brockett ◽  
Pat Hamilton

Abstract A single power amplifier-duplexer device was submitted by a customer for analysis. The device was initially considered passing when tested against the production test. However, further electrical testing suggested that the device was stuck in a single power mode for a particular frequency band at cold temperatures only. This paper outlines the systematic isolation of a parasitic Schottky diode formed by a base contactcollector punch through process defect that pulled down the input of a NOR gate leading to the incorrect logic state. Note that this parasitic Schottky diode is parallel to the basecollector junction. It was observed that the logic failure only manifested at colder temperatures because the base contact only slightly diffused into the collector layer. Since the difference in the turn-on voltages between the base-collector junction and the parasitic Schottky diode increases with decreasing temperature, the effect of the parasitic diode is only noticeable at lower temperatures.


Author(s):  
Irina Ulzetueva ◽  
Bair Gomboev ◽  
Daba Zhamyanov ◽  
Valentin Batomunkuev ◽  
Zorikto Banzaraktsaev

The integrated assessment of the ecological state of the main rivers of the lake Baikal basin - Verkhnyaya Angara, Tyya, Barguzin, Selenga, Snezhnaya, Bolshaya Rechka, Khilok, Chikoy is based on the assessment of the variability of the basin system under the influence of two groups of indicators: 1) Direct (immediate) impact - the volume of water intake and wastewater discharge, water use and sequential water supply. Assessment of the impact on the state of the above-listed rivers basins from wastewater was performed using the algorithm proposed by A. Korolev et al. (2007). 2) Indirect (mediate) impact - indicators of areal and linear-network impacts on the catchment area. Based on the calculation of the integral anthropogenic pressure on the territory of the above-listed river basins, only the Selenga river experiences an “average” anthropogenic load. On the territory of most river basins, the anthropogenic load is “lowered” and “low”.


Author(s):  
Hosein Nojavan-Pirehyousefan ◽  
Talieh Zarifian ◽  
Akram Ahmadi ◽  
Ali Jahan ◽  
Robab Teymouri ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Prithvi S. Kandhal ◽  
Kee Y. Foo ◽  
John A. D'Angelo

Significant differences in the volumetric properties of laboratory-designed and plant-produced hot-mix asphalt (HMA) generally exist as demonstrated by FHWA Demonstration Project No. 74. The volumetric properties include voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) and voids in the total mix (VTM). Guidelines for HMA contractors are needed to reconcile these differences and maintain control of volumetric properties during HMA production. The HMA mix design and field production test data (such as asphalt content, gradation, and volumetric properties) from 24 FHWA demonstration projects were entered into a data base and statistically analyzed. The objective was to identify and, if possible, quantify the independent variables (such as asphalt content and the percentages of material passing the No. 200 and other sieves) that significantly affect dependent variables VMA and VTM. The statistical analysis methods consisted of correlation analysis, stepwise multiple-variable analysis, and linear-regression analysis. On the basis of preceding work, guidelines have been developed for HMA contractors to reconcile the differences between the volumetric properties of the job mix formula and the produced HMA mix.


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