scholarly journals An updated global grid point surface air temperature anomaly data set: 1851--1990

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sepanski ◽  
T Boden ◽  
R Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Air Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Global Grid

scholarly journals What Drives the North Atlantic Oscillation’s Temperature Anomaly Pattern? Part I: The Growth and Decay of the Surface Air Temperature Anomalies

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Clark ◽  
Steven B. Feldstein
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature Advection ◽  
Anomaly Pattern ◽  
Air Temperature Anomaly

Abstract Composite analysis is used to examine the physical processes that drive the growth and decay of the surface air temperature anomaly pattern associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Using the thermodynamic energy equation that the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts implements in their reanalysis model, we show that advection of the climatological temperature field by the anomalous wind drives the surface air temperature anomaly pattern for both NAO phases. Diabatic processes exist in strong opposition to this temperature advection and eventually cause the surface air temperature anomalies to return to their climatological values. Specifically, over Greenland, Europe, and the United States, longwave heating/cooling opposes horizontal temperature advection while over northern Africa vertical mixing opposes horizontal temperature advection. Despite the pronounced spatial correspondence between the skin temperature and surface air temperature anomaly patterns, the physical processes that drive these two temperature anomalies associated with the NAO are found to be distinct. The skin temperature anomaly pattern is driven by downward longwave radiation whereas stated above, the surface air temperature anomaly pattern is driven by horizontal temperature advection. This implies that the surface energy budget, although a useful diagnostic tool for understanding skin temperature changes, should not be used to understand surface air temperature changes.

scholarly journals Spatio–Temporal Characterization of Land Surface Air Temperature Anomaly over Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O. O. Ajileye ◽  
S. S. Aladodo ◽  
A. B. Rabiu
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Air Temperature Anomaly

In this study, seventeen gridded stations across the latitude over Nigeria were selected with a view to determine and characterize land surface air temperature anomaly for both minimum and maximum values. The study intends to present graphic illustrations of spatial and temporal variations of land surface air temperature anomaly within a period 2008 – 2013. Long-term averages of minimum and maximum land surface air temperatures were obtained from National Aeronautic and Space Administration satellite meteorological dataset (1983 – 2007). Also, monthly and annual averages of land surface air temperatures were obtained from tutiempo.net to compute monthly anomaly, annual anomaly and percentage departure of minimum and maximum land surface air temperatures within a period of 2008 – 2013. The results showed that Jos had consistently experienced -10.8 and -4 percent decrease in minimum and maximum LSAT anomaly for the period under review. The implication is that Jos is getting colder than usual. The minimum LSAT anomaly declined by -2.8 percent in Lagos. Other stations across Nigeria showed a considerable percentage increase in minimum LSAT anomaly led by Yola (19.5%), Sokoto (18%) and Katsina (15.5%). Inland stations had percentage increase of minimum LSAT anomaly ranging between 5.8% and 10% except in Osogbo where the percentage increase was 1.8%. Osogbo is a less populated capital city of Osun state with active agricultural activities as heat sink. Percentage increase of minimum LSAT anomaly was not significant in Nigerian coastal areas most especially at Port Harcourt (0.5%). The spatial distribution of maximum LSAT anomaly across Nigerian latitudinal belt, unlike minimum LSAT anomaly, reduced in trend except in Lagos, Makurdi, Abuja, Bida, Minna and Kano. The minimum and maximum anomaly for maximum LSAT was observed at Jos and Makurdi respectively. There are 2 stations to be watched in terms of getting colder in the years to ahead namely Jos and Osogbo while Makurdi and Yola are gradually becoming hotspots.

Quantifying heating biases in marine air temperature observations, ~1790 - present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cropper ◽  
Elizabeth Kent ◽  
David Berry ◽  
Richard Cornes ◽  
Beatriz Recinos-Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Marine Surface ◽  
Heating Model ◽  
Marine Air

<p>Accurate, long-term time series of near-surface air temperature (AT) are the fundamental datasets on which the magnitude of anthropogenic climate change is scientifically and societally addressed. Across the ocean, these (near-surface) climate records use Sea Surface Temperature (SST) instead of Marine Air Temperature (MAT) and blend the SST and AT over land to create datasets. MAT has often been overlooked as a data choice as daytime MAT observations from ships are known to contain warm biases due to the storage of accumulated solar energy. Two recent MAT datasets, CLASSnmat (1881 – 2019) and UAHNMAT (1900 – 2018), both use night-time MAT observations only. Daytime MAT observations in the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) account for over half of the MAT observations in ICOADS, and this proportion increases further back in time (i.e. pre-1850s). If long-term MAT records over the ocean are to be extended, the use of daytime MAT is vital.</p><p> </p><p>To adjust for the daytime MAT heating bias, and apply it to ICOADS, we present the application of a physics-based model, which accounts for the accumulated energy storage throughout the day. As the ‘true’ diurnal cycle of MAT over the ocean has not been, to-date, adequately quantified, our approach also removes the diurnal cycle from ICOADS observations and generates a night-time equivalent MAT for all observations. We fit this model to MAT observations from groups of ships in ICOADS that share similar heating biases and metadata characteristics. This enables us to use the empirically derived coefficients (representing the physical energy transfer terms of the heating model) obtained from the fit for use in removal of the heating bias and diurnal cycle from ship-based MAT observations throughout ICOADS which share similar characteristics (i.e. we can remove the diurnal cycle from a ship which only reports once daily at noon). This adjustment will create an MAT record of night-time-equivalent temperatures that will enable an extension of the marine surface AT record back into the 18<sup>th</sup> century.</p>

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