scholarly journals Repository environmental parameters and models/methodologies relevant to assessing the performance of high-level waste packages in basalt, tuff, and salt

10.2172/60423 ◽  
1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Claiborne ◽  
A.G. Croff ◽  
J.C. Griess ◽  
F.J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
High Level

The Mechanisms for Hydrothermal Leaching of Nuclear Waste Glasses: Properties and Evaluation of Surface Layers

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜnter Malow
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Leach Rate ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Glass Compositions

Remobilization of solidified high-level waste by corrosion and transport of radionuclides by groundwater are the only likely events for radioactivity to find its way back to the environment. The interaction of the waste form with aqueous solutions is the most important mechanism and must be known for safety and risk analysis. It has been shown that the activity release depends on a number of experimental and environmental parameters. The corrosion mechanisms of the waste forms control the leach rate of individual components. Of particular importance to the resistance against water attack of various glass compositions is the formation of layers on the glass surface. The results for leaching in deionized water reveafed that the mechanism was strongly influenced by the formation of a surface layer which determined the further attack on the glass. In this work the specific weight losses of the glass after leaching in rock salt and MgCl2–MgSO4-NaCl-KCl solutions were measured and surface layers investigated.

scholarly journals The YadA Protein of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Mediates High-Efficiency Uptake into Human Cells under Environmental Conditions in Which Invasin Is Repressed

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 4880-4891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Eitel ◽  
Petra Dersch
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Uptake Process ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The YadA protein is a major adhesin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis that promotes tight adhesion to mammalian cells by binding to extracellular matrix proteins. In this study, we first addressed the possibility of competitive interference of YadA and the major invasive factor invasin and found that expression of YadA in the presence of invasin affected neither the export nor the function of invasin in the outer membrane. Furthermore, expression of YadA promoted both bacterial adhesion and high-efficiency invasion entirely independently of invasin. Antibodies against fibronectin and β1 integrins blocked invasion, indicating that invasion occurs via extracellular-matrix-dependent bridging between YadA and the host cell β1 integrin receptors. Inhibitor studies also demonstrated that tyrosine and Ser/Thr kinases, as well as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are involved in the uptake process. Further expression studies revealed that yadA is regulated in response to several environmental parameters, including temperature, ion and nutrient concentrations, and the bacterial growth phase. In complex medium, YadA production was generally repressed but could be induced by addition of Mg2+. Maximal expression of yadA was obtained in exponential-phase cells grown in minimal medium at 37°C, conditions under which the invasin gene is repressed. These results suggest that YadA of Y. pseudotuberculosis constitutes another independent high-level uptake pathway that might complement other cell entry mechanisms (e.g., invasin) at certain sites or stages during the infection process.

Effects of Aging on the Solubility of Palladium

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oda ◽  
H. Yoshikawa ◽  
M. Yui
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
Waste Repository ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
High Level

AbstractPalladium solubility was measured in a dilute aqueous solution at room temperature in the pH range from 3 to 13 under anaerobic conditions. Crystalline Pd metal was clearly visible and the concentration of palladium in solution decreased gradually with aging time. The palladium concentrations in solution were less than 9.4×10-10M in the pH range from 4 to 10 and increased to 10-7M in the pH range greater than 10. This study suggests that palladium concentrations in certain high-level waste repository environments may be limited by Pd metal and may be less than 10-9M.

Performance assessment of the disposal of vitrified high-level waste in a clay layer

2001 ◽  
Vol 298 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Mallants ◽  
Jan Marivoet ◽  
Xavier Sillen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
High Level

Use of microwave energy in reprocessing of high-level waste

Atomic Energy ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kurkumeli ◽  
M. I. Molokhov ◽  
O. D. Sadkovskaya ◽  
V. I. Kononov ◽  
G. B. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Energy ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
High Level
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