scholarly journals The hydrate process for waste water treatment plant sludge dewatering: Commercialization assessment

1985 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Water Treatment Plant Sludge

Organic fluorine content in aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) and biodegradation of the foam component 6 : 2 fluorotelomermercaptoalkylamido sulfonate (6 : 2 FTSAS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Weiner ◽  
Leo W. Y. Yeung ◽  
Erin B. Marchington ◽  
Lisa A. D'Agostino ◽  
Scott A. Mabury
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Water Treatment Plant Sludge

Environmental context Total organofluorine and known fluorosurfactants were quantified in 11 aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) used to extinguish fires in Ontario, Canada, and one commercial AFFF product. By comparing the concentrations of known fluorosurfactants with the total organofluorine, less than 10% of the fluorosurfactants were identified in half of the samples. Our biodegradation experiment with one of the fluorosurfactants using waste-water treatment plant sludge showed that it was a potential source of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, which are persistent in the environment. Abstract Eleven aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) samples that were used to extinguish fires in Ontario, Canada, and one commercial product, were analysed using a variety of analytical techniques to obtain structural information and quantities of organofluorine and known perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The NMR spectra of the foams distinguished the fluorosurfactants that were synthesised by either electrochemical fluorination or telomerisation. Total organofluorine content was quantified using total organofluorine–combustion ion chromatography (TOF-CIC), which revealed that the samples contained from 475 to 18 000µgFmL–1. The common AFFF component 6 : 2 fluorotelomermercaptoalkylamido sulfonate (FTSAS) was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) together with perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTSAs); in five samples, 6 : 2 FTSAS was present in concentrations greater than 1000µgmL–1. By comparing the concentrations of these quantifiable fluorochemicals with the total organofluorine content, it was evident that in half of the AFFF samples, less than 10% of the fluorochemicals were identified; in two of the samples, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) accounted for ~50% of the total organofluorine content. Our degradation experiment with 6 : 2 FTSAS using waste-water treatment plant sludge showed that 6 : 2 FTSAS was a potential source of FTSAs, fluorotelomer alcohols and PFCAs in the environment.

Investigation of Incineration Characteristics of Waste Water Treatment Plant Sludge

1994 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 483-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. MCCLENNEN ◽  
J. S. LIGHTY ◽  
G. D. SUMMIT ◽  
B. GALLAGHER ◽  
J. M. HILLARY
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant Sludge

The Design and Construction of the “Houtrust” Waste Water Treatment Plant in the Hague

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Sinke
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Hague

Until a century ago, The Hague's waste water was discharged directly into the city's canals. However, the obnoxious smell and resultant pollution of local waters and beaches then necessitated the implementation of a policy of collecting and transferring waste water by means of a system of sewers. By 1937, it was being discharged, via a 400 metre-long sea outfall, directly into the North Sea. By 1967, however, the increasing volume of waste water being generated by The Hague and the surrounding conurbations called for the construction of a primary sedimentation plant. This had two sea outfalls, one 2.5 km long and the other 10 km long, the former for discharging pre-settled waste water and the latter for discharging sludge directly into the North Sea. This “separation plant” was enlarged during the period 1986-1990. On account of the little available area - only 4.1 ha - the plant had to be enlarged in two stages by constructing a biological treatment section and a sludge treatment section with a capacity of 1,700,000 p.e. (at 136 gr O2/p.e./day). In order to gain additional space, a number of special measures were introduced, including aerating gas containing 90% oxygen and stacked final clarifiers. Following completion of the sludge treatment section, it has become possible, since 1st May 1990, to dump digested sludge into a large reservoir (“The Slufter”), specially constructed to accommodate polluted mud dredged from the Rotterdam harbours and waterways. As a result of these measures, there has been a reduction of between 70% and 95% in North Sea pollution arising from the “Houtrust” waste water treatment plant. Related investment totalled Dfl. 200 million and annual operating and maintenance costs (including investment charges) will amount to Dfl. 30 million. Further measures will have to be taken in the future to reduce the discharge of phosphorus and nitrogen. So this enlargement is not the end. There will be continued extension of the purification operations of the “Houtrust” waste water treatment plant.

Design, Operating Results and Experiences of Two Large-Scale Treatment Plants with Biological Nitrogen and Phosphate Elimination

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
C. F. Seyfried ◽  
P. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This is a report on the design and operating results of two waste water treatment plants which make use of biological nitrogen and phosphate elimination. Both plants are characterized by load situations that are unfavourable for biological P elimination. The influent of the HILDESHEIM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT contains nitrates and little BOD5. Use of the ISAH process ensures the optimum exploitation of the easily degradable substrate for the redissolution of phosphates. Over 70 % phosphate elimination and effluent concentrations of 1.3 mg PO4-P/I have been achieved. Due to severe seasonal fluctuations in loading the activated sludge plant of the HUSUM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT has to be operated in the stabilization range (F/M ≤ 0.05 kg/(kg·d)) in order not to infringe the required effluent values of 3.9 mg NH4-N/l (2-h-average). The production of surplus sludge is at times too small to allow biological phosphate elimination to be effected in the main stream process. The CISAH (Combined ISAH) process is a combination of the fullstream with the side stream process. It is used in order to achieve the optimum exploitation of biological phosphate elimination by the precipitation of a stripped side stream with a high phosphate content when necessary.

Semi-technical investigations into the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus at the kleve-salmorth waste water treatment plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Karl Arno Bäumer ◽  
Angela Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The Institute for Water and Waste Management (ISA) at the Aachen University of Technology (RWTH) verified, through semi-technical analysis, the efficiency of the planned upgrade of the Kleve-Salmorth waste water treatment plant. Additionally the allowable biological phosphorus removal limit and the scheduled simultaneous precipitation were also ascertained.

scholarly journals New mixtures and technologies for biogas production at biogas plants of agricultural type processing livestock slurry

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kára ◽  
Z. Pastorek ◽  
J. Mazancová ◽  
I. Hanzlíková
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sludge

The basis of the biogas production in agriculture is the processing of waste agricultural products (particularly excrements of farm animals but also phytomass). Different but rather similar is the biogas production from biologically degradable municipal waste (BDMW) and biologically degradable industrial waste (BDIW) coming mainly from food industry. The processing of these wastes in agricultural biogas stations could significantly improve their economy. It is necessary to note that all these biogas stations differ from the wastewater cleaning plants where municipal sludge water from public sewers is processed. The municipal sludge water processing to biogas by anaerobic fermentation is a classical technology introduced all over the world. At present, about 100 wastewater cleaning plants operate in the Czech Republic using regular sludge processing into biogas. Electricity produced is utilised mainly for the needs of own operation of waste water treatment plant (WWTP), partly it is sold into public power net. The heat energy is used for heating in the process and its surplus is utilised for operational and administrative facilities. Usually, the heat and electricity quantities produced do not cover the wastewater cleaning plant operation. Agricultural biogas stations and biogas stations for BDMW processing provide considerably higher gas yields because they work with higher dry matter contents in substratum, i.e. 8–12% (compared with waste water treatment plants – 2–6%), and are able to produce high gas surpluses for following applications. Frequently discussed issue are the processing of slaughter waste and grass (or public green areas at biogas stations).

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