scholarly journals An overview of water disinfection in developing countries and the potential for solar thermal water pasteurization

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burch ◽  
K.E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Thermal

scholarly journals Validation of a solar-thermal water disinfection model for Escherichia coli inactivation in pilot scale solar reactors and real conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Castro-Alférez ◽  
María Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Javier Marugán ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Reactors

Development of “Low-tech” Solar Thermal Water Pumps for Use in Developing Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Orda ◽  
K. Mahkamov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Dynamic Head ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Water Pumps

Solar water pumps, based on electro-mechanical pumps powered by PV arrays, are commonly used and commercially available. However, one of the difficulties for their wider application in developing countries, where there is a high average insolation, is their relatively excessive cost. This arises mainly due to the high cost of the PV elements. Hence, this paper describes some developmental work and results of experimental tests on “low-tech” solar thermal water pumps which were built on the basis of Stirling engines with fluid pistons coupled to flat-plate solar collectors. Temperatures and pressures in the cycle are comparatively low, thus cheap design materials, such as glass and plastic, and a simple technology, available in the majority of mechanical workshops, can be used for their manufacture and consequently reduce their cost. Several design modifications of the above solar thermal water pumps have been developed and tested. The results obtained demonstrate that existing installations can be effectively applied for water pumping with a dynamic head which varies between 2-5 m. Furthermore, data from experimental tests shows that the pulsating motion of water in channels of the flat-plate solar collectors increases the collector’s efficiency by approximately 8-10%, which is a considerable advantage when a pump is used as part of a house solar heating system.

scholarly journals A Non-electric and Affordable Surface Engineered Particle (SEP) based Point-of-Use (POU) Water Disinfection System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Dixit ◽  
Virupakshi Soppina ◽  
Chinmay Ghoroi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Binding Property ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Gravity Driven

AbstractAccess to safe drinking water is still a distant dream to millions of people around the world. Especially, people from the low-income group in the developing countries remain deprived of this fundamental right and causes millions of death. There is an urgent need to develop affordable and easy to handle water filter which can provide desired drinking water quality without any electricity. In the present work, a simple and low-cost surface engineered particle (SEP) based filter is developed via alkali treatment of soda-lime-silica particle. The SEP based filter can be used as a portable, non-electric, gravity-driven Point-of-Use (POU) water disinfection system. The developed SEP-based filter is capable to arrest the 99.48% (~2 to 2.5 log10 reduction) of gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli OP50) on its surface from the water containing 3 × 108 cells/ml. No bacterial regrowth is observed in the purified water for 12 h. The performance of SEP bed filter is implicated to the nano-scale surface roughness, its distribution along with the surface charge and surface hydrophobicity which are favorable to attract and adhere the bacteria in the flowing water. The observation is consistent over multiple filtration cycles indicating the suitability of SEP based bed filter for POU water disinfection. The SEP surface with 0.05 mM Ag+ loading (SEP+) completely inactivated (>99.99999%) bacteria and protects any bacteria recontamination in the purified water for its long term usage. The strong and effective silver binding property of SEP surface enables very minimal silver loading and eliminates any health hazard due to low silver leaching (~50 ppb) which is well below the drinking water equivalent level (DWEL ≤ 100 ppb). In rural and urban slum areas of developing countries where no water purification system exists prior to consumption, the easy-to-implement and affordable SEP-based gravity-driven non-electric point-of-use water purifier (materials cost ~ 0.25 USD) can be used to protect millions of lives from water borne diseases.

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