scholarly journals Scale model drop tests to evaluate impact response of lead and uranium shielded radioactive material shipping containers

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Hadden ◽  
R J Burian
Keyword(s):  
Impact Response ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Shipping Containers

Dynamic Analysis of Radioactive Material Package With Clamp-Ring Closure

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsu-te Wu ◽  
Lawrence F. Gelder ◽  
Allen C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Numerical Integration Scheme ◽  
Drop Tests

Separation of the closure lid from the drum-type radioactive material packages employing the conventional clamp-ring closure has been a safety concern. Currently, the evaluation of drum-closure separation problems resorts to expensive and time-consuming tests. Therefore, an analytical capability to predict drum-closure separation is desired. However, the conventional methods of dynamic analysis are not applicable to this subject. The difficulty of the problem mainly lies in solving the complicated preload stresses on the multiple contacted surfaces during claim-ring tightening and in integrating the preload results with the subsequent drop simulation. A technique has been previously proposed by Wu for the dynamic analyses of containers with locking-ring closures (Reference 1). This paper presents a refinement of the proposed technique and also extends the technique from the dynamic simulation of one single drop to the simulation of two sequential drops. The finite-element method with explicit numerical integration scheme is utilized to simulate both the closure bolt tightening process and the drop impact. The essential aspects of the proposed technique include: quasi-static simulation of clamp-ring tightening process; association of the floor motion with the package motion before the drop simulation starts; and creation of the package velocity before impact starts. To verify the proposed numerical technique, an analysis is performed for the 6M Package with a standard clamp-ring closure to simulate the following three sequential loading conditions: the preload caused by tightening the clamp ring; a NCT 4-foot drop; and a HAC 30-foot drop. The analytical results are compared with the results of the sequential NCT and HAC drop tests of a 6M Package with the standard clamp-ring closure. The test results have verified that the proposed numerical technique is capable of predicting the drum closure separation with respect to drop heights as well as the deformed shape of the package.

A predictive model for impact response of viscoelastic polymers in drop tests

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Larson ◽  
Suresh Goyal ◽  
Charles Aloisio
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Drop Tests

An Experimental Study on Rigid-Object Water-Entry Impact and Contact Dynamics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Challa ◽  
V. G. Idichandy ◽  
C. P. Vendhan ◽  
Solomon Yim
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
The Impact

The dynamics of a generic rigid water-landing object (WLO) during water impact is presented in this paper. Tests from a range of drop heights were performed in a wave basin using a 1/6th-Froude scale model of a practical prototype using different drop mechanisms to determine the water impact and contact effects. The first experimental case involved dropping the WLO by using a rope and pulley arrangement, while the second case employed an electromagnetic release to drop the object. Hydrodynamic parameters including peak acceleration, touchdown pressure and maximum impact/contact force were measured using the two different drop mechanisms. The WLO was assumed as rigid, so the experimental results could be correlated with von Karman and Wagner closed form solutions and the maximum accelerations predicted are bounded by these classical analytical solutions. The major purpose of this study are to use the experiments to determine trends that occur when the object is dropped from successive heights using different drop mechanisms by varying the entry speed, angle of impact and the weight of the object. The predictions from the experimental results were used for subsequent numerical studies. Results from the drop tests show that the impact acceleration and touchdown pressure increases practically linearly with the increase in the height of the drop and the data provides conditions of drop mechanism that keep impact accelerations under specified limits for the WLO prototype.

scholarly journals Evaluation of impact limiter performance during end-on and slapdown drop tests of a one-third scale model storage/transport cask system

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Yoshimura ◽  
D.R. Bronowski ◽  
W.L. Uncapher ◽  
S.W. Attaway ◽  
V.I. Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Model ◽  
Drop Tests

scholarly journals Response of Conventional Ring Closures of Drum Type Packages to Regulatory Drop Tests With Application to the 9974/9975 Package

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Blanton ◽  
Allen C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ring Closure ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Type B ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Package Weight ◽  
Accident Condition ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Hypothetical Accident ◽  
Bolted Flange

DOT, DOE and NRC Type A and Type B radioactive material (RAM) transport packages routinely use industrial or military specification drums with conventional clamp ring closures as an overpack. Considerable testing has been performed on these type packages over the past 30 years. Observations from test data have resulted in various design changes and recommendations to the standard drum specification and use, enhancing the reliability of the overpack. Recently, performance of the 9975 conventional clamp ring closure design was questioned by the DOE Regulatory Authority. This paper highlights the observations of recent 9974 and 9975 package testing that led to redesign of the 9975, replacing the standard clamp ring closure with a bolted flange closure. In the course of this review and redesign effort, 18 package designs and approximately 100 Hypothetical Accident Condition (HAC) drops of various size and weight drum packages were evaluated. A trend was observed with respect to overpack lid failures for packages utilizing conventional ring closure. Based on this trend, a limit on the ratio of the internal weight to total package weight was identified, beyond which clamp ring closure failure may be expected.

Analytical and Numerical Evaluation of the Impact Limiters Design of a Research Reactors Spent Fuel Transportation Package Half Scale Model Under 9 M Drop Tests

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Mattar Neto ◽  
Carlos A. J. Miranda ◽  
Gerson Fainer ◽  
Roge´rio P. Moura˜o
Keyword(s):  
Scale Model ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Agency Support ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Accident Conditions ◽  
Regional Projects ◽  
The Impact

Since 2001, under the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) support, some regional projects have been developed in Latin America to assess storage and transportion options for the research reactors spent fuel in the region. One of the projects tasks is the design and testing of a half scale model of a dual purpose (transportation and storage) package for research reactors spent fuel. Considering one of the hypothetical accident conditions, the 9 m drop test, this paper presents the impact limiters design evaluation of the above mentioned half scale model of the dual purpose package based on the impact limiters materials characterization, on the analytical assessment of the impact limiters sizing (dimensions and expected package acceleration levels) and on numerical simulations of the drop tests using a finite element explicit code. Conclusions and comments are addressed based on the obtained results.

Could a Compliant Foam Anvil Characterize the Biofidelic Impact Response of Equestrian Helmets?

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michio Clark ◽  
Thomas A. Connor ◽  
Andrew Post ◽  
T. Blaine Hoshizaki ◽  
Aisling Ní Annaidh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Standard Measurement ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Certification Tests ◽  
Natural Turf ◽  
Compliant Surfaces ◽  
Drop Tests

Abstract The performance of equestrian helmets to protect against brain injuries caused by fall impacts against compliant surfaces such as turf has not been studied widely. We characterize the kinematic response of simulated fall impacts to turf through field tests on horse racetracks and laboratory experiments. The kinematic response characteristics and ground stiffness at different going ratings (GRs) (standard measurement of racetrack condition) were obtained from 1 m and 2 m drop tests of an instrumented hemispherical impactor onto a turf racetrack. The “Hard” rating resulted in higher peak linear accelerations and stiffness, and shorter impact durations than the “Soft” and “Heavy” ratings. Insignificant differences were found among the other GRs, but a strong overall relationship was evident between the “going rating” and the kinematic response. This relationship was used to propose a series of three synthetic foam anvils as turf surrogates in equestrian falls corresponding to ranges of GRs of (i) heavy-soft (H-S), (ii) good-firm (G-F), and (iii) firm-hard (F-H). Laboratory experiments consisted of a helmeted headform being dropped onto natural turf and the turf surrogate anvils using a monorail drop rig. These experiments revealed that the magnitudes and durations of the linear and rotational accelerations for helmeted impacts to turf/turf surrogates were similar to those in concussive sports falls and collisions. Since the compliance of an impacted surface influences the dynamic response of a jockey's head during a fall impact against the ground, it is important that this is considered during both accident reconstructions and helmet certification tests.

Mechanical and Thermal Assessment by BAM of a New Package Design for the Transport of SNF From a German Research Reactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Komann ◽  
Viktor Ballheimer ◽  
Thomas Quercetti ◽  
Robert Scheidemann ◽  
Frank Wille
Keyword(s):  
Research Reactor ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Approval Procedure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract For disposal of the research reactor of the Technical University Munich FRM II a new transport and storage cask design was under approval assessment by the German authorities on the basis of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) requirements. The cask body is made of ductile cast iron and closed by two bolted lid systems with metal seals. The material of the lids is stainless steel. On each end of the cask the wood-filled impact limiters are installed to reduce impact loads to the cask under drop test conditions. In the cavity of the cask a basket for five spent fuel elements is arranged. This design has been assessed by the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in view to the mechanical and thermal safety analyses, the activity release approaches, and subjects of quality assurance and surveillance for manufacturing and operation of the package. For the mechanical safety analyses of the package a combination of experimental testing and analytical/numerical calculations were applied. In total, four drop tests were carried out at the BAM large drop test facility. Two tests were carried out as a full IAEA drop test sequence consisting of a 9m drop test onto an unyielding target and a 1m puncture bar drop test. The other two drop tests were performed as single 9m drop tests and completed by additional analyses for considering the effects of an IAEA drop test sequence. The main objectives of the drop tests were the investigation of the integrity of the package and its safety against release of radioactive material as well as the test of the fastening system of the impact limiters. Furthermore, the acceleration and strain signals measured during the tests were used for the verification of finite-element (FE) models applied in the safety analysis of the package design. The FE models include the cask body, the lid system, the inventory and the impact limiters with the fastening system. In this context special attention was paid to the modeling of the encapsulated wood-filled impact limiters. Additional calculations by using the verified numerical model were done to investigate e.g. the brittle fracture of the cask body made of ductile cask iron within the package design approval procedure. The thermal safety assessment was based on analytical energy balance calculations and FE analyses. As an additional point of evaluation in frame of approval procedure, the effect of possible impact limiter burning under accident conditions of transport was considered by the applicant and assessed by BAM. This paper describes the package design assessment from the point of view of the competent authority BAM including the applied assessment strategy, the conducted drop tests and the additional calculations by using numerical and analytical methods.

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