scholarly journals (Growth and physiology of red spruce in relationship to acidic deposition in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA)

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. McLaughlin, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains

Foliar response of red spruce saplings to fertilization with Ca and Mg in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Van Miegroet ◽  
Dale W. Johnson ◽  
Donald E. Todd
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Initial Current ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Lower Site

The objective of this field study was to test whether Ca and (or) Mg was deficient in two red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) sites located at 1720 and 1950 m in elevation in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park near Clingmans Dome, North Carolina. Initial current needle Ca and Mg concentrations were, respectively, 1700 and 620 μg/g at the upper site, and 1940 and 670 μg/g at the lower site, suggesting poorer nutrient conditions at the upper site. Twenty-eight saplings at each site stratified by height were involved in an individual-tree fertilization trial. Within each stratum four treatments were applied randomly: (i) no fertilization, (ii) 200 kg/ha Ca as CaCl2, (iii) 100 kg/ha Mg as MgCl2, and (iv) 200 kg/ha Ca as CaCl2 plus 100 kg/ha Mg as MgCl2. Fertilizer was applied in April 1989 and 1990, and needles that subsequently formed in the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons were sampled in November 1989 and 1990, respectively. Post-fertilization nutrient concentrations, needle weights, and nutrient contents were compared through analysis of covariance with the pre-treatment needle weight as covariate. Vector analysis suggested an improvement in Ca nutrition and potential growth response with Ca and Ca + Mg fertilization at the upper site in the 1st year but not at the lower site. Neither site appeared to be Mg deficient. Magnesium fertilization had an antagonistic effect on Ca uptake at both sites, whereas Ca addition seemed to improve Mg uptake. Our study suggests that foliar Mg concentrations of 600 μg/g are well within the sufficiency range, but that red spruce saplings may experience incipient Ca deficiency in the field when Ca concentrations in the current needles are <1700 μg/g.

Picea rubens growth at high versus low elevations in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: evaluation by systems modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Ah Koo ◽  
Bernard C. Patten ◽  
Irena F. Creed
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Smoky Mountains

For half a century, red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.), a commercially and ecologically important boreal tree species, has experienced growth decline and high mortality in eastern North America. A tree growth systems model, ARIM (annual radial increment model), was developed to evaluate responsible factors for red spruce growth in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The dominant cause at higher elevations (1800–2000 m) was found to be air pollution involving high-frequency acidic rain and cloud immersion. The identified causes at lower elevations (1450–1700 m) were insufficient solar absorption due to photoinhibition, drought stress resulting from reduced precipitation and high evapotranspiration due to warmer temperatures, and minor effects of air pollution. The ARIM exemplifies a complex systems concept and methodology for evaluating multivariable factors in tree growth systems. ARIM provides a general model structure that incorporates complex direct and indirect interactions for tree system studies and quantitatively integrates knowledge and data from different disciplines by developing a new set of indices, the relative basis index values. The ARIM results implicate comprehensive habitat-dependent directions for long-term conservation policies and management of red spruce with environmental changes, climate change, and air pollution in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Using Spatial Modeling to Improve Wetland Inventories in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Alix A. Pfennigwerth ◽  
Joshua Albritton ◽  
Troy Evans
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
National Park ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains
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