scholarly journals State-of-the-art report on low-level radioactive waste treatment

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Kibbey ◽  
H.W. Godbee
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radioactive Waste Treatment

scholarly journals Liquid Low-Level Radioactive Waste Treatment Using an Electrodialysis Process

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Miśkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Nowak ◽  
Jędrzej Pałka ◽  
Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Radioisotope ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste

In this work, the possibility of using electrodialysis for the treatment of liquid low-level radioactive waste was investigated. The first aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of the process parameters on the treatment of model solutions with different compositions. Subsequent experimental tests were conducted using solutions containing selected radionuclides (60Co and 137Cs), which are potential contaminants of effluents from nuclear power plants, as well as components often found in waste generated from industrial and medical radioisotope applications. The results of the experiments performed on real radioactive waste confirmed that electrodialysis was a suitable method for the treatment of such effluents because it ensured high levels of desalination and rates of decontamination. The most important parameters impacting the process were the applied voltage and electrical current. Moreover, this research shows that the application of the ED process enables the separation of non-ionic organic contaminants of LLW, which are unfavorable in further stages of waste predisposal.

Adsorption Properties of Sr(II) on Zeolite Type Adsorbents and Their Irradiation Stabilities

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Mimura ◽  
Shunsuke Susa ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ito ◽  
Yasuo Saito ◽  
Minoru Matsukura
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Breakthrough Curve ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
Radioactive Waste Treatment

Radioactive waste treatment is planned in LWTF (Low-level radioactive Waste Treatment Facility, JAEA) for LLW generated from the Tokai-reprocessing facility. The target LLW consists of highly concentrated sodium nitrate (5 M NaNO3) containing low-level 90Sr. In this study, selective adsorption properties of Sr2+ for highly functional A type zeolites (A51-JHP, A51-J (Union Showa) and A-4, X type zeolite (F-9) and Titanic acid-PAN (polyacrylamide) were clarified by batch and column adsorption methods. The irradiation stabilities of these adsorbents were also evaluated. The distribution properties of Sr2+ on different adsorbents were compared in simulated waste solution (5 M NaNO3, 0.1 ppm Sr2+, 85Sr as tracer). The order of distribution coefficients (Kd,Sr) was Titanic acid-PAN > A51-JHP > A51-J > A-4 > F-9. The largest value of Kd,Sr for titanic acid-PAN was estimated to be 218 cm3/g, while the saturated capacity (Qmax) was very small. Titanic acid-PAN had also the largest uptake rate of Sr2+ ions and the uptake attained equilibrium within 8 h. On the other hand, A51-JHP had a relatively large Kd,Sr value above 100 cm3/g and a Qmax value of 0.65 mmol/g. The breakthrough properties of Sr2+ were examined by varying cations present (single and mixed solutions) and flow rate (0.08 and 0.17 cm3/min). The components for the single solution were 400 g/L NaNO3, 100 ppm Sr2+, 85Sr as tracer, and the mixed solution contains 200 ppm Cs+, 100 ppm Ca2+, 50 ppm Mg2+, 50 ppm RuNO3+ in addition to the single solution components. The breakthrough curve for Titanic acid-PAN column using single solution had an S-shaped profile, while the “concentration phenomenon” exceeding C/C0 (breakthrough ratio) = 1 was observed in the case of mixed solution. As for the A51-JHP column, the breakthrough curve for single solution was similar to that for mixed solution and the 5% breakpoint was enhanced by decreasing the flow rate. The A51-JHP was stable under 60Co-irradiation up to 2.54 MGy; Kd,Sr and Qmax values were almost constant. In contrast, Titanic acid-PAN was affected above 0.28 MGy, due to the radiolysis of PAN matrix, and this surface alteration led to the release of active component of titanic acid. The novel A type zeolite (A51-JHP) is thus expected for the selective removal of Sr2+ in LWTF. The optimization of particle size and flow rate should be examined before practical use.

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