scholarly journals Development of small scale soft x-ray lasers: Aspects of data interpretation

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Skinner ◽  
D. Kim ◽  
D. Voorhees ◽  
S. Suckewer
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals X-ray computed tomography investigation of structures in Opalinus Clay from large-scale to small-scale after mechanical testing

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kaufhold ◽  
Matthias Halisch ◽  
Gerhard Zacher ◽  
Stephan Kaufhold
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
X Ray Computed

Abstract. In the past years X-ray computed tomography (CT) has became more and more common for geoscientific applications and is used from the µm-scale (e.g. for investigations of microfossils or pore-scale structures) up to the dm-scale (full drill cores or soil columns). In this paper we present results from CT imaging and mineralogical investigations of an Opalinus Clay core on different scales and different regions of interest, emphasizing especially the 3-D evaluation and distribution of cracks and their impact on mechanical testing of such material. Enhanced knowledge of the testing behaviour of the Opalinus Clay is of great interest, especially since this material is considered for a long-term radioactive waste disposal and storage facility in Switzerland. Hence, results are compared regarding the mineral (i.e. phase) contrast resolution, the spatial resolution, and the overall scanning speed.With this extensive interdisciplinary scale-down approach it has been possible to characterize the general fracture propagation in comparison to mineralogical and textural features of the Opalinus Clay. Additionally, and as far as we know, a so-called mylonitic zone, located at an intersect of two main fractures, has been observed for the first time for an experimentally deformed Opalinus sample. The multi-scale results are in good accordance to data from naturally deformed Opalinus Clay samples, which enables us to perform systematical research under controlled laboratory conditions. Accompanying 3-D imaging greatly enhances the capability of data interpretation and assessment of such a material.

scholarly journals Development of small-scale soft-x-ray lasers: aspects of data interpretation

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Skinner ◽  
D. Kim ◽  
D. Voorhees ◽  
S. Suckewer
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals X-ray Computed Tomography Investigation of Structures in Opalinus Clay from Large Scale to Small Scale after Mechanical Testing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kaufhold ◽  
Gerhard Zacher ◽  
Matthias Halisch ◽  
Stephan Kaufhold
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Abstract. In the past years X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) has became more and more common for geoscientific applications and is used from the µm-scale (e.g. for investigations of micro-fossils or pore scale structures) up to the dm-scale (full drill cores or soil columns). In this paper we present results from CT imaging and mineralogical investigations of an Opalinus Clay core on different scales and different regions of interest, emphasizing especially upon the 3D evaluation and distribution of cracks and their impact upon mechanical testing of such material. Enhanced knowledge of the testing behavior of the Opalinus Clay is of great interest, especially since this material is considered for a long term radioactive waste disposal and storage facility in Switzerland. Hence, results are compared regarding the mineral (i.e. phase) contrast resolution, the spatial resolution, and the overall scanning speed. With this extensive interdisciplinary top-down approach it has been possible to characterize the general fracture propagation in comparison to mineralogical and textural features of the Opalinus Clay. Additionally, and as far as we know, a so called mylonitic zone, located at the intersect of two main fractures, has been observed for the first time for an experimentally deformed Opalinus sample. The multi-scale results are in good accordance to data from naturally deformed Opalinus Clay samples, which enables to perform systematical research under controlled laboratory conditions. Accompanying 3D imaging greatly enhances the capability of data interpretation and assessment of such a material.

scholarly journals QPOs in compact binaries from small scale eruptions in an inner magnetized disk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Scepi ◽  
Mitchell C Begelman ◽  
Jason Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Type B ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compact Binaries ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
X Ray Binaries ◽  
Standard Disk

Abstract Dwarf novæ (DNe) and low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are compact binaries showing variability on time scales from years to less than seconds. Here, we focus on explaining part of the rapid fluctuations in DNe, following the framework of recent studies on the monthly eruptions of DNe that use a hybrid disk composed of an outer standard disk and an inner magnetized disk. We show that the ionization instability, that is responsible for the monthly eruptions of DNe, is also able to operate in the inner magnetized disk. Given the low density and the fast accretion time scale of the inner magnetized disk, the ionization instability generates small, rapid heating and cooling fronts propagating back and forth in the inner disk. This leads to quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) with a period of the order of 1000 s. A strong prediction of our model is that these QPOs can only develop in quiescence or at the beginning/end of an outburst. We propose that these rapid fluctuations might explain a subclass of already observed QPOs in DNe as well as a, still to observe, subclass of QPOs in LMXBs. We also extrapolate to the possibility that the radiation pressure instability might be related to Type B QPOs in LMXBs.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Technical Investigation of English Portrait Miniatures Attributed to Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1181
Author(s):  
Flavia Fiorillo ◽  
Lucia Burgio ◽  
Christine Slottved Kimbriel ◽  
Paola Ricciardi
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Miniature Painting ◽  
Entire Career ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Victoria And Albert Museum

This study presents the results of the technical investigation carried out on several English portrait miniatures painted in the 16th and 17th century by Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver, two of the most famous limners working at the Tudor and Stuart courts. The 23 objects chosen for the analysis, spanning almost the entire career of the two artists, belong to the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) and the Fitzwilliam Museum (Cambridge). A non-invasive scientific methodology, comprising of stereo and optical microscopies, Raman microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, was required for the investigation of these small-scale and fragile objects. The palettes and working techniques of the two artists were characterised, focusing in particular on the examination of flesh tones, mouths, and eyes. These findings were also compared to the information written in the treatises on miniature painting circulating during the artists’ lifetime. By identifying the materials and techniques most widely employed by the two artists, this study provides information about similarities and differences in their working methods, which can help to understand their artistic practice as well as contribute to matters of attribution.

scholarly journals Small scale materials behavior from X-ray microdiffraction and imaging: Part II

JOM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 60-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozaliya I. Barabash
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Materials Behavior

X-ray powder diffraction data for Ba3MnSi2O8—A new phase in the system BaO–MnO–SiO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Georgieva ◽  
Ivan Ivanov ◽  
Ognyan Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Powder Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Phase

A new compound—Ba3MnSi2O8 in the system BaO–MnO–SiO2 was synthesized and studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The compound is hexagonal, space group—P6/mmm, a=5.67077 Å, c=7.30529 Å, Z=1, Dx=5.353. The obtained powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) data were interpreted by the Powder Data Interpretation Package.

Small-scale screening method for low-viscosity antibody solutions using small-angle X-ray scattering

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Fukuda ◽  
Atsushi Watanabe ◽  
Akira Hayasaka ◽  
Masaru Muraoka ◽  
Yuji Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Solid-state Thermoelectric Characteristics of NiII, FeII, CoII, and CuII Borohydrides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isam M. Arafa ◽  
Mazin Y. Shatnawi ◽  
Yousef N. Obeidallah ◽  
Ahmed K. Hijazi ◽  
Yaser A . Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transport ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Thermal Energy Transport ◽  
Body Heat

Abstract Four transition metal borohydrides (MTBHs, MT = Ni, Fe, Co, and Cu) were prepared by sonicating a mixture of the desired MT salt with excess NaBH4 in a nonaqueous DMF/CH3OH media. The process afforded bimetallic (Ni-BH4), trimetallic (Fe-BH4, Co-BH4), and mixed-valence (Cu-H, Cu-BH4) amorphous, ferromagnetic nanoparticles as identified by thermal, ATR-IR, X-Ray diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility techniques. The electrical conductivity (σ) of cold-pressed discs of these MTBHs shows a nonlinear increase while their thermal conductivity (κ) decreases in the temperature range of 303 ≤ T ≤ 373 K. The thermal energy transport occurs through phonon lattice dynamics rather than electronic. The σ/κ ratio shows a nonlinear steep increase from 9.4 to 270 KV-2 in Ni-BH4, while a moderate-weak increase is observed for Fe-BH4, Co-BH4, and Cu-BH4. Accordingly, the corresponding thermoelectric (TE) parameters S, PF, ZT, and η were evaluated. All TE data shows that the bimetallic Ni-BH4 (S, 80 μVK-1; PF, 259 μWm-1K-2; ZT 0.64; η, 2.56%) is a better TE semiconductor than the other three MT-BHs investigated in this study. Our findings show that Ni-BH4 is a promising candidate to exploit low-temperature waste heat from body heat, sunshine, and small domestic devices for small-scale TE applications.

Comment on “Grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence of periodic structures – a comparison between X-ray standing waves and geometrical optics calculations” by F. Reinhardt, S. H. Nowak, B. Beckhoff, J-C. Dousse and M. Schoengen, JAAS, 2014, 29, 1778

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2548-2550
Author(s):  
W. Jark ◽  
D. Eichert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Published Paper

The data interpretation in the recently published paper with the above title is criticized and it is shown that an alternative more physical model based on diffraction in periodic structures can explain the data better and more consistently.

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