scholarly journals VACUUM-LOCK ACTUATOR AND ION-SOURCE POSITIONER FOR A SURFACE IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETER.

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.H. Howard ◽  
A. Langdon ◽  
F.W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Surface Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass

THE NATURAL ABUNDANCES OF THE URANIUM ISOTOPES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lounsbury
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
Surface Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Bear Lake ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Isotopic Abundances

Using a surface-ionization mass spectrometer, the natural U238/U235 abundance ratio in uranium obtained from Great Bear Lake Pitchblende has been measured to be 137.80 ± 0.14. From a survey of results reported in the literature on U234 a best value of 17,325 ± 550 was estimated for the natural U238/U234 abundance ratio. The corresponding isotopic abundances are 0.7204 ± 0.0007 atom % and 0.00573 ± 0.00018 atom % for U235 and U234, respectively.

Surface Ionization Mass Spectrometer for Production Control

1957 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Echo ◽  
T. D. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Surface Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass

In-situ analysis of 1.9 Ga chert with a miniature mass spectrometer for space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Lukmanov ◽  
Marek Tulej ◽  
Valentine Riedo ◽  
Niels Ligterink ◽  
Coenraad De Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Mass Analyzer ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Martian Surface ◽  
Mass Unit

<p>In-situ Mars exploration requires new promising instrumentation that will be capable of delivering highly accurate chemical information about soils and rocks present at the Martian surface. Specific attention is drawn to the instruments that are capable of identifying extinct or extant microbes within the bulk of various solid samples (Tulej et al., 2015; Westall et al., 2015; Wiesendanger et al., 2018). A miniature Laser Ablation/Ionization Mass Spectrometer (LIMS) developed at the University of Bern is among the valid candidates (Wurz et al., 2012). The size of the mass analyzer is only Ø 60 mm × 160 mm and thus capable of being deployed on a rover or lander platform. In this contribution, we will present data collected from a 1.88 Ga Gunflint sample using a deep UV fs laser system as ablation ion source. The gunflint chert sample contains a population of microfossils entombed in the silica matrix and was chosen as a Martian analogue. Using the high stability of the UV laser and consequent uniform ablation, we performed large-scale spectra collection (90’000) in two modes - chemical imaging and depth profiling. With the current setup, we achieved a diameter of the analytical spot of ~10 µm for the depth profiling and ~5 µm for the imaging. Our results reveal that our LIMS instrument can identify the location of the microfossil lamination area as well as single microfossils by chemical means. We show how single mass unit spectral decomposition and subsequent kernel clustering reveal masses and intensity regions unique to the microfossils and inorganic host, thus providing the opportunity for automated identification of the spectra that are collected from the microfossils. We also show how transforming spectral intensities into spectral proximities can help to navigate the rich multidimensional datasets. We also address common interpretation problems in LIMS, when multiple mineralogical inclusions contribute to the output spectra acquired within the single analytical spot using ρ-networks and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In combination with analysis of spectral proximities, this approach is particularly useful in attempts to assess the biogenicity of the putative terrestrial microfossils as well as potential Martian microfossils. Additionally, we discuss the data analysis pipeline and chemical composition of the microfossils and surrounding inorganic host in detail. </p> <p>Tulej M., Neubeck A., Ivarsson M., Riedo A., Neuland M. B., Meyer S., and Wurz P. (2015) Chemical Composition of Micrometer-Sized Filaments in an Aragonite Host by a Miniature Laser Ablation/Ionization Mass Spectrometer. Astrobiology, 15: 669-682.</p> <p>Westall F., Foucher F., Bost N., Bertrand M., Loizeau D., Vago J. L., Kminek G., Gaboyer F., Campbell K. A., Bréhéret J.-G. and others. (2015) Biosignatures on Mars: What, Where, and How? Implications for the Search for Martian Life. Astrobiology, 15: 998-1029.</p> <p>Wiesendanger R., Wacey D., Tulej M., Neubeck A., Ivarsson M., Grimaudo V., Moreno-García P., Cedeño-López A., Riedo A., Wurz P. and others. (2018) Chemical and Optical Identification of Micrometer-Sized 1.9 Billion-Year-Old Fossils by Combining a Miniature Laser Ablation Ionization Mass Spectrometry System with an Optical Microscope. Astrobiology, 18: 1071-1080.</p> <p>Wurz P., Abplanalp D., Tulej M., Iakovleva M., Fernandes V. A., Chumikov A., and Managadze G. G. (2012) Mass spectrometric analysis in planetary science: Investigation of the surface and the atmosphere. Solar System Research, 46: 408-422.</p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS – Part 2: Measurements of trace gases with stratospheric or tropospheric origin in the UTLS

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 13567-13607 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jurkat ◽  
S. Kaufmann ◽  
C. Voigt ◽  
D. Schäuble ◽  
P. Jeßberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Gas Measurements

Abstract. Understanding the role of climate-sensitive trace gas variabilities in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region (UTLS) and their impact on its radiative budget requires accurate measurements. The composition of the UTLS is governed by transport and chemistry of stratospheric and tropospheric constituents, such as chlorine, nitrogen oxide and sulphur components. The Airborne chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer AIMS has been developed to accurately measure a set of these constituents on aircraft by means of chemical ionization. Here we present a setup using chemical ionization with SF5− reagent ions for the simultaneous measurement of trace gas concentrations in the pptv to ppmv (10−12 to 10−6 mol mol−1) range of HCl, HNO3 and SO2 with in-flight and online calibration called AIMS-TG. Part 1 of this paper (Kaufmann et al., 2015) reports on the UTLS water vapour measurements with the AIMS-H2O configuration. The instrument can be flexibly switched between two configurations depending on the scientific objective of the mission. For AIMS-TG, a custom-made gas discharge ion source has been developed generating a characteristic ionization scheme. HNO3 and HCl are routinely calibrated in-flight using permeation devices, SO2 is permanently calibrated during flight adding an isotopically labelled 34SO2 standard. In addition, we report on trace gas measurements of HONO which is sensitive to the reaction with SF5−. The detection limit for the various trace gases is in the low ten pptv range at a 1 s time resolution with an overall uncertainty of the measurement in the order of 20 %. AIMS has been integrated and successfully operated on the DLR research aircraft Falcon and HALO. Exemplarily, measurements conducted during the TACTS/ESMVal mission with HALO in 2012 are presented, focusing on a classification of tropospheric and stratospheric influences in the UTLS region. Comparison of AIMS measurements with other measurement techniques allow to draw a comprehensive picture of the sulphur, chlorine and reactive nitrogen oxide budget in the UTLS. The combination of the trace gases measured with AIMS exhibit the potential to gain a better understanding of the trace gas origin and variability at and near the tropopause.

scholarly journals The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS – Part 2: Measurements of trace gases with stratospheric or tropospheric origin in the UTLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1907-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jurkat ◽  
Stefan Kaufmann ◽  
Christiane Voigt ◽  
Dominik Schäuble ◽  
Philipp Jeßberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Research Aircraft

Abstract. Understanding the role of climate-sensitive trace gas variabilities in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region (UTLS) and their impact on its radiative budget requires accurate measurements. The composition of the UTLS is governed by transport and chemistry of stratospheric and tropospheric constituents, such as chlorine, nitrogen oxide and sulfur compounds. The Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer AIMS has been developed to accurately measure a set of these constituents on aircraft by means of chemical ionization. Here we present a setup using SF5− reagent ions for the simultaneous measurement of trace gas concentrations of HCl, HNO3 and SO2 in the  pptv to ppmv (10−12 to 10−6 mol mol−1) range with in-flight and online calibration called AIMS-TG (Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer for measurements of trace gases). Part 1 of this paper (Kaufmann et al., 2016) reports on the UTLS water vapor measurements with the AIMS-H2O configuration. The instrument can be flexibly switched between two configurations depending on the scientific objective of the mission. For AIMS-TG, a custom-made gas discharge ion source has been developed for generation of reagent ions that selectively react with HCl, HNO3, SO2 and HONO. HNO3 and HCl are routinely calibrated in-flight using permeation devices; SO2 is continuously calibrated during flight adding an isotopically labeled 34SO2 standard. In addition, we report on trace gas measurements of HONO, which is sensitive to the reaction with SF5−. The detection limit for the various trace gases is in the low 10 pptv range at a 1 s time resolution with an overall uncertainty of the measurement of the order of 20 %. AIMS has been integrated and successfully operated on the DLR research aircraft Falcon and HALO (High Altitude LOng range research aircraft). As an example, measurements conducted during the TACTS/ESMVal (Transport and Composition of the LMS/UT and Earth System Model Validation) mission with HALO in 2012 are presented, focusing on a classification of tropospheric and stratospheric influences in the UTLS region. The combination of AIMS measurements with other measurement techniques yields a comprehensive picture of the sulfur, chlorine and reactive nitrogen oxide budget in the UTLS. The different trace gases measured with AIMS exhibit the potential to gain a better understanding of the trace gas origin and variability at and near the tropopause.

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