scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF MAJOR DISEASES OF CONTROL, UNTREATED MOUSE STRAINS USED IN LIFE-SPAN STUDIES IN THE BIOLOGY DIVISION.

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Davis ◽  
G. E. Cosgrove ◽  
H. E. Walburg, Jr. ◽  
E. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Untreated Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains

Canagliflozin Increases Intestinal Adenoma Burden in Female ApcMin/+ Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Korfhage ◽  
Mary E Skinner ◽  
Jookta Basu ◽  
Joel K Greenson ◽  
Richard A Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Diabetes Drug

Abstract The diabetes drug canagliflozin extends life span in male mice. Since malignant neoplasms are the major cause of death in most mouse strains, this observation suggests that canagliflozin might exert anti-neoplastic effects in male mice. Here, we treated a mouse neoplasia model, the adenoma-prone ApcMin/+ strain, with canagliflozin, to test the effects of this drug on intestinal tumor burden. Surprisingly, canagliflozin increased the total area of intestine involved by adenomas, an effect most marked in the distal intestine and in female mice. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that canagliflozin may not influence adenoma growth via direct SGLT1/2 inhibition in neoplastic cells. Our results are most consistent with a model where canagliflozin aggravates adenoma development by altering the anatomic distribution of intestinal glucose absorption, as evidenced by increases in postprandial GLP-1 levels driven by delayed glucose absorption. We hypothesize that canagliflozin exacerbates adenomatosis in the ApcMin/+ model via complex, cell-non-autonomous mechanisms, and that sex differences in GLP-1 responses may in part underlie sexually dimorphic effects of this drug on life span.

scholarly journals A comparison of some biological characteristics of the mouse-passaged scrapie agents, 22A and ME7

1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Dickinson ◽  
Veronica M. H. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Terminal Stage ◽  
Two Agents ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Strain Interaction

Two mouse-adapted scrapie agents of different sheep origin were compared. The titre, reached in the brains of mice in the terminal stage of scrapie, is of the same order for both agents. There is a threefold difference between the incubation periods of the two agents in some mouse strains, of which C57 is one, and in this strain incubation of the 22A agent, given as a large dose by a peripheral route, occupies almost the whole life-span.The most fundamental difference between the agents concerns the reversal of the ranking of incubation periods, typically in the VM and C57 mouse strams: incubation of ME7 in VM takes almost twice as long as in C57, whereas most sub-lines of 22A take half as long in VM as in C57. The implications of this type of host-genotype, agent-strain interaction are discussed in terms of the possible nature of agent differences, the possibility of latent infection and the consequences for scrapie eradication programmes.

scholarly journals Endogenous Production of 14CO: A Method for Calculation of RBC Life-span In Vivo

Blood ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN A. LANDAW ◽  
H. SAUL WINCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mean Potential Lifespan

Abstract A kinetic model is presented for estimation of the degradation rate of labeled heme by measurement of appearance of 14CO in the breath following injection of glycine-2-14C. This method does not require sampling of blood or other body fluids, is absolutely independent of circulating blood volume and relatively independent of erythropoietic rate, and estimates the relative contribution to 14CO production from destruction of circulating RBC hemoglobin heme and that arising from other heme sources. For circulating RBC, rate of random hemolysis, mean potential lifespan and spread of lifespans about this mean can be calculated. Mean overall RBC lifespan and the fraction of RBC dying of senescence can be derived from these calculations. In normal male buffalo rats, the average value for random hemolysis was 0.67 per cent per day, corrected mean potential lifespan 66.2 days and standard deviation about this mean of 7.6 days. For normal female LAF1 mice, the corresponding average values were 0.60, 51.8 and 9.1, respectively. Results in two other inbred mouse strains were similar save for a shorter mean potential lifespan of 47.1 days in SEC/1Re mice and a longer mean potential lifespan of 57.3 days in WC-B6 mice. Following splenectomy in the rat, an isolated significant increase in mean potential lifespan was seen. An isolated decrease in mean potential lifespan was seen in three rats recovering from phenylhydrazine-induced anemia. An example of markedly increased random hemolysis, together with shortened mean potential life-span, was seen in a gastrectomized rat with a severe hypochromic anemia. The present method is shown to simultaneously determine the major parameters defining RBC survival, and as such, should be quite useful in the study of red blood cell disorders in animals and man.

scholarly journals The caloric restriction fallacy, rodent diet aids and the tumor suppression theory of aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Tumor Suppression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ◽  
Theory Of Aging

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of normal aging is a prerequisite to significantly increase human health span. Caloric restriction (CR), which delays aging in most animal models, serves as a yardstick to evaluate interventions extending life span. However, mice given unlimited access to food suffer severe obesity and benefits from CR might be through reducing obesity-associated mortality. Health gains from CR depend on the control mice being gluttonous enough and less obese mouse strains benefit far less from CR. Most pharmacologic interventions reported to mimic CR and increase life span in mice, including resveratrol, rapamycin, nicotinamide mononucleotide and metformin, also reduce mouse body weight. In primates, CR does not delay aging unless the control group is eating enough to suffer from obesity-related disease. Human survival peaks at a BMI achievable without CR. CR mimetics are just diet aids and CR should not be regarded as increasing longevity in healthy weight individuals. Instead, I propose the tumor suppression theory of aging: most phenotypes of aging are the consequence of tumor-suppressive cell senescence that has evolved to limit the tumorigenic potential of clonally expanding cells. A variant of the somatic mutation theory of aging, oncogenic mutations and clonal expansion (opposed to functional impairment) are postulated as the most relevant consequence of somatic mutations. Irreversible cell cycle arrest, accumulating senescent cells, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and subsequent stem cell depletion eventually cause tissue dysfunction, loss of regeneration and the majority, if not most, phenotypes of aging.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

Tumorigenesis in High-Dose Total Body Irradiated Rhesus Monkeys--A Life Span Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel F. Hollander ◽  
Chris Zurcher ◽  
Johan J. Broerse
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Total Body

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Czernochowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

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