scholarly journals High energy density proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dry reactant gases

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Srinivasan ◽  
S Gamburzev ◽  
O A Velev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells with Platinum Group Metal (PGM)-Free Cathode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Du ◽  
Gaixia Zhang ◽  
Shuhui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Exchange Membrane

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have gained increasing interest from academia and industry, due to its remarkable advantages including high efficiency, high energy density, high power density, and fast refueling, also because of the urgent demand for clean and renewable energy. One of the biggest challenges for PEM fuel cell technology is the high cost, attributed to the use of precious platinum group metals (PGM), e.g., Pt, particularly at cathodes where sluggish oxygen reduction reaction takes place. Two primary ways have been paved to address this cost challenge: one named low-loading PGM-based catalysts and another one is non-precious metal-based or PGM-free catalysts. Particularly for the PGM-free catalysts, tremendous efforts have been made to improve the performance and durability—milestones have been achieved in the corresponding PEM fuel cells. Even though the current status is still far from meeting the expectations. More efforts are thus required to further research and develop the desired PGM-free catalysts for cathodes in PEM fuel cells. Herein, this paper discusses the most recent progress of PGM-free catalysts and their applications in the practical membrane electrolyte assembly and PEM fuel cells. The most promising directions for future research and development are pointed out in terms of enhancing the intrinsic activity, reducing the degradation, as well as the study at the level of fuel cell stacks.

The development of a highly durable Fe-N-C electrocatalyst with favorable CNT structures for the oxygen reduction in PEMFCs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shuiyun Shen ◽  
Ziwen Ren ◽  
Silei Xiang ◽  
Shiqu Chen ◽  
Zehao Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a crucial route for energy saving, emission reduction and the development of new energy vehicles because of its high power density, high energy density as well as the low operating temperature which corresponds to fast starting and power matching. However, the rare and expensive Pt resource greatly hinders the mass production of fuel cell, and the development of highly active and durable non-precious metal catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathode is considered to be the ultimate solution. In this article, a highly active and durable Fe-N-C catalyst was facilely derived from metal organic framework materials (MOFs), and a favorable structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were formed, which accounts for a desired good durability. The as-optimized catalyst has a half-wave potential of 0.84V for the ORR, which is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C. More attractively, it has good stabilities both in rotating disk electrode and single cell tests, which provides a large practical application potential in the replacement of Pt catalyst as the ORR electrocatalyst in fuel cells.

Use of Glass-Fabric/Epoxy End Plates in High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell to Reduce Startup Time

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Seok Kim ◽  
Jeong-Bin Park ◽  
Yun-Mi Kim ◽  
Nam-Il Kim ◽  
Hee-Young Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Startup Time ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The end plates of fuel cell assemblies are used to support the inner stacks, reduce the contact pressure, and provide sealing between membrane-electrode assemblies. They therefore require sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the tightening pressure. The end plates must be stiff enough to resist large deformations, be light enough to ensure a high energy density, have stable electrochemical properties, and provide adequate electrical insulation. In the past, end plates were made from metals such as aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel alloys. However, due to large thermal losses and excessive weight, alternative materials are now being considered. This paper focuses on replacing the conventional stainless steel end plates of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell by those made of a glass-fiber/epoxy composite to decrease the startup time. To achieve this goal, following steps were performed. First, glass-fiber/epoxy composite specimens were fabricated to measure their mechanical properties. Then, a finite element analysis was performed using the measured material properties to confirm that the composite end plates could withstand the load conditions and to estimate the startup time. Finally, glass-fiber/epoxy composite end plates were fabricated, assembled, and tested to compare the startup time and generated voltage with the values obtained using stainless steel end plates.

scholarly journals Feasible analysis of pulsating heat pipe applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01050
Author(s):  
Fumin Shang ◽  
Kangzhe Yang ◽  
Chaoyue Liu ◽  
Qingjing Yang ◽  
Jianhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Pulsating Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has the advantages of high energy efficiency, clean, pollution-free, fast start-up and noise-free, but its thermal management problems still restrict the development and practical application of PEMFC. This paper analyzes the important influence of heat management on the working performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and summarizes the structure principle and effect evaluation of thermal management system using heat pipe under the premise of simply summarizing the shortcomings of the thermal management system using conventional cooling method. By expounding the working principle and characteristics of pulsating heat pipe, and from the perspective of PEMFC internal structure and technology, the feasibility of applying pulsating heat pipe to PEMFC thermal management system is analyzed, with a view to developing pulsating heat pipe-type PEMFC thermal management technology with compact structure and excellent performance.

Regenerative PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Low Earth Orbit Satellites

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Savin ◽  
Dacong Weng ◽  
Tim Rehg
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Space Applications

Abstract Thanks to recent considerable progress in proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology, fuel cells and electrolyzers are on the verge of widespread commercialization. When a fuel cell and an electrolyzer are combined, a regenerative fuel cell (RFC) system is formed. By using an auxiliary power supply, such as solar power, for recharging, an RFC provides a complete power system for niche markets such as low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. The thermodynamics of RFC systems are presented, and design tradeoffs are investigated: a unitized system, where the fuel cell and the electrolyzer are combined into a single electrochemical device, is compared to a discrete system, where the fuel cell and the electrolyzer are discrete components. The analyses show that the RFC is well suited for LEO space applications, due to an appropriate charge/discharge cycle, and represents a high-energy-density, high-efficiency power solution.

Development of PEMFC Systems for Space Power Applications

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri McCurdy ◽  
Arturo Vasquez ◽  
Karla Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Product Water ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Energy Storage Density ◽  
Gas Supply

Space power applications historically include fuel cells due to the high energy storage density of hydrogen and oxygen compared to batteries. Fuel cells are continuously under development to incorporate latest technology and focus on specific details of fuel cells systems relevant to harsh space transportation environments. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is developing proton exchange membrane fuel cells systems for space power applications because of the potential for longer life, reduction in cost, and increase in safety compared to current alkaline fuel cell technology. Space fuel cell applications utilize oxygen instead of air, which introduces better performance but greater hazards. Circulation of reactants is beneficial for these systems to aid in removal of product water from the fuel cell stack and to humidify reactant fluid streams. Current space fuel cell prototype systems use a simple but effective pump for reactant recirculation known as a gas ejector. A gas ejector uses a high-pressure primary gas supply to produce suction to a secondary fluid at a lower pressure. A gas and water separator is then necessary to remove the fuel cell product water from the unutilized recirculated oxygen. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is analyzing and testing several different means to separate the oxygen gas and water in both microgravity and increased gravity conditions. This paper addresses specific components and design concerns for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems for space power applications.

The Role of Fuel Cells for Consumer Electronic Products and Toys

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Banazwski ◽  
R. K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Direct Methanol

Batteries have not kept pace with the advancing technology that they power, but they are used in everything from cell phones, laptop computers, and toys to consumer electronics. Compared to the devices that they power, batteries are relatively heavy, expensive per unit power they produce, last a relatively short time and recharging them takes hours. The solution to this less than desired means of a power source is fuel cells. Three fuel cells, also referred to as air breathers, considered are proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), and direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC). We will discuss these fuel cells for micro and portable applications within the power range of 0.5 to 20 W for potential replacement of batteries. The reason for developing such fuel cells is to harness the power stored in the high energy density fuels, which provides more power and longer run times for the same packaging volume as batteries. The advantages of each type of fuel cell over batteries, their unique characteristics, technical drawbacks, current and future consumer products, and commercial issues will be outlined in this paper. A growing mobile society and consumer demands will drive the development of fuel cell technology forward as batteries reach their limit.

scholarly journals Platinum utilization in proton exchange membrane fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cell - Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Bandapati ◽  
Sanket Goel ◽  
Balaji Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Pt Utilization ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) are increasingly used as substitutes to conventional energy systems. Their compact design, high energy density and efficient energy-conversion offer several advantages over existing energy systems with potential for use in a variety of applications. However, performance, robustness and cost are the key challenges to overcome before fuel cells can be commercialized. Even though the use of platinum (Pt) and platinum group metal (PGM) alloy catalysts provide higher performance and durability, they are at the same time the largest cost components which need to be addressed. This paper reviews different approaches adopted to enhance Pt utilization such as reducing Pt loading, decreasing Pt particle size, developing Pt free metallic alloy catalyst, improving Pt dispersion, developing membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication methods, increasing mass-transport at the electrode surface and modifying the catalyst support materials. Finally, the performance optimization efforts for Pt utilization are summarized with insights into probable directions of future research in this area.

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