scholarly journals RADIOLYSIS OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS USED IN THE PURIFICATION SYSTEMS OF SAVANNAH RIVER REACTORS

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
E W Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Exchange Resins

THOR® Steam Reforming Technology for the Treatment of Ion Exchange Resins and More Complex Wastes Such as Fuel Reprocessing Wastes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brad Mason ◽  
Corey A. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
High Level

The THOR® fluidized bed steam reforming process has been successfully operated for more than 10 years in the United States for the treatment of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes generated by commercial nuclear power plants. The principle waste stream that has been treated is ion exchange resins (IER) and Dry Active Waste (DAW), but various liquids, sludges, and solid organic wastes have also been treated. The principle advantages of the THOR® process include: (a) high volume reduction on the order of 5:1 to 10:1 for IER and up to 50:1 for high plastic content DAW streams depending on the waste type and waste characteristics, (b) environmentally compliant off-gas emissions, (c) reliable conversion of wastes into mineralized products that are durable and leach-resistant, and (d) no liquid effluents for treatment of most radioactive wastes. Over the past ten years, the THOR® process has been adapted for the treatment of more complex wastes including historic defense wastes, reprocessing wastes, and other wastes associated with the fuel cycle. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) environmental remediation activities, the THOR® dual bed steam reforming process has successfully processed: (a) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Sodium-Bearing Waste (SBW), (b) Savannah River Tank 48 High Level Waste (HLW), (c) Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW), and (d) Hanford Waste Treatment Plant Secondary Waste (WTP-SW) liquid slurry simulants. The THOR® process has been shown in pilot plant operations to successfully process various simulated liquid, radioactive, nitrate-containing wastes into environmentally safe, leach-resistant, solid mineralized products. These mineralized products incorporate normally soluble ions (e.g. - Na, K, Cs, Tc), sulfates, chloride salts, and fluoride salts into an alkali alumino-silicate mineral matrix that inhibits the leaching of those ions into the environment. The solid mineralized products produced by the THOR® process exhibit durability and leach resistance characteristics superior to borosilicate waste glasses. As a result of this work, a full-scale THOR® process facility is currently under construction at the DOE’s Idaho site for the treatment of SBW and a full-scale facility is in the final design stage for the DOE’s Savannah River Site for the treatment of Tank 48 high level waste. Recent work has focused on the development of new monolithic waste formulations, the extension of the THOR® process to new waste streams, and the development of modular THOR® processes for niche waste treatment applications. This paper will provide an overview of current THOR® projects and summarize the processes and outcomes of the regulatory and safety reviews that have been necessary for the THOR® process to gain acceptance in the USA.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

Applications of Ion Exchange Resin in Oral Drug Delivery Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathpalia Harsha ◽  
Das Sukanya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery Systems

Ion Exchange Resins (IER) are insoluble polymers having styrene divinylbenzene copolymer backbone that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter ions with the surrounding aqueous solutions. From the past many years they have been widely used for purification and softening of water and in chromatographic columns, however recently their use in pharmaceutical industry has gained considerable importance. Due to the physical stability and inert nature of the resins, they can be used as a versatile vehicle to design several modified release dosage forms The ionizable drug is complexed with the resin owing to the property of ion exchange. This resin complex dissociatesin vivo to release the drug. Based on the dissociation strength of the drug from the drug resin complex, various release patterns can be achieved. Many formulation glitches can be circumvented using ion exchange resins such as bitter taste and deliquescence. These resins also aid in enhancing disintegrationand stability of formulation. This review focuses on different types of ion exchange resins, their preparation methods, chemistry, properties, incompatibilities and their application in various oral drug delivery systems as well as highlighting their use as therapeutic agents.

THE DISPOSAL OF USED ION EXCHANGE RESINS

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455
Author(s):  
Viky Dicu ◽  
Carmen Iesan ◽  
Mihai Chirica ◽  
Satish Bapat
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins

FTIR ANALYSIS OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS WITH APPLICATION IN PERMANENT HARD WATER SOFTENING

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2145-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Lazar ◽  
Laura Bulgariu ◽  
Bogdan Bandrabur ◽  
Ramona-Elena Tataru-Farmus ◽  
Mioara Drobota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Exchange Resins

Innovative and sustainable concept of regeneration of decolorization ion exchange resins

2012 ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Theoleyre ◽  
Anne Gonin ◽  
Dominique Paillat
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Industrial Efficiency ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Multiple Effect ◽  
Exchange Resins

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a multiple-effect evaporation of salty permeates. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.

Innovative concepts of regeneration of decolorization ion exchange resins in sugar refineries

2016 ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Marc André Théoleyre ◽  
Anne Gonin ◽  
Dominique Paillat
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Multiple Effect ◽  
Exchange Resins

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a system to concentrate salty permeates. According to specific local conditions on energy supply and cost, the concentration of salty permeates can be either a multiple effect evaporator or a combination of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.

O-O bond activation with cobalt(II)-ethylenediamine complexes in ion-exchange resins

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1780-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanas Andreev ◽  
Lachezar Prahov ◽  
Dimitar Shopov
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Bond Activation ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Surface Complexes ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Epr Parameters ◽  
Exchange Resins

The formation of Oxygen paramagnetic adducts of Co(II) containing ion-exchange resins in the presence of adsorbed ethylenediamine has been found. The EPR parameters of a complex of the type Co(III) (en)2O-2 and of O-2 species formed in the presence of Co(en)2+3 have been described. The catalytic properties of Co-ethylenediamine surface complexes with respect to the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction have been investigated and a probable mechanism has been suggested.

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