scholarly journals CONSISTENCY BETWEEN LOW-ENERGY AND HIGH-ENERGY HADRON SCATTERING.

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rosner
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Hadron

scholarly journals Review of the Geant4-DNA Simulation Toolkit for Radiobiological Applications at the Cellular and DNA Level

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ioanna Kyriakou ◽  
Dousatsu Sakata ◽  
Hoang Ngoc Tran ◽  
Yann Perrot ◽  
Wook-Geun Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Radiation Quality ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Beta Emitters ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Energy Hadron ◽  
Radiobiological Effects

The Geant4-DNA low energy extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit is a continuously evolving MC simulation code permitting mechanistic studies of cellular radiobiological effects. Geant4-DNA considers the physical, chemical, and biological stages of the action of ionizing radiation (in the form of x- and γ-ray photons, electrons and β±-rays, hadrons, α-particles, and a set of heavier ions) in living cells towards a variety of applications ranging from predicting radiotherapy outcomes to radiation protection both on earth and in space. In this work, we provide a brief, yet concise, overview of the progress that has been achieved so far concerning the different physical, physicochemical, chemical, and biological models implemented into Geant4-DNA, highlighting the latest developments. Specifically, the “dnadamage1” and “molecularDNA” applications which enable, for the first time within an open-source platform, quantitative predictions of early DNA damage in terms of single-strand-breaks (SSBs), double-strand-breaks (DSBs), and more complex clustered lesions for different DNA structures ranging from the nucleotide level to the entire genome. These developments are critically presented and discussed along with key benchmarking results. The Geant4-DNA toolkit, through its different set of models and functionalities, offers unique capabilities for elucidating the problem of radiation quality or the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different ionizing radiations which underlines nearly the whole spectrum of radiotherapeutic modalities, from external high-energy hadron beams to internal low-energy gamma and beta emitters that are used in brachytherapy sources and radiopharmaceuticals, respectively.

scholarly journals COMPASS: meson spectroscopy and low-energy meson dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 01016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Compass Collaboration ◽  
Meson Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Hadron ◽  
Particle Decays ◽  
Nuclear Targets ◽  
Physics Programme

Within the broad physics programme of the COMPASS collaboration at CERN SPS, soft reactions of high-energy hadron beams on different nuclear targets are investigated. Aiming at a better understanding of the strong interaction, novel results range from tests of chiral symmetry breaking to properties of diffractively produced meson resonances studied in their multi-particle decays, such as the a1(1420) with unusual properties. The talk will highlight the challenges of the employed experimental techniques, and as well of the analysis methods, that are developed to a large extent along with the analysis of the world’s largest data sets in the field.

Low energy vs. high energy depositional settings and related sedimentary bodies in early Senenian rudist bearing carbonate shelves (central-southern Italy)

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Carannante ◽  
A. Laviano ◽  
D. Ruberti ◽  
Lucia Simone ◽  
G. Sirna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Depositional Settings

Transportation: Fuel Energies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Journey Time

Transportation efficiency can be measured in terms of the energy needed to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance. For passengers, journey time is important, so an equally useful measure is the product of the energy used and the time taken for the journey. Transportation requires storage of energy. Rechargeable systems such as batteries have very low energy densities as compared to fossil fuels. The highest energy densities come from nuclear fuels, although, because of shielding requirements, these are not practical for most forms of transportation. Liquid hydrocarbons represent a nice compromise between high energy density and ease of use.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Electron Damage to Condensed-Phase DNA and Its Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7879
Author(s):  
Yingxia Gao ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Léon Sanche
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Wide Range

The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0–30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as crosslinks, single strand breaks, base modifications, and cleavage, as well as double strand breaks and other cluster damages. When crosslinks and cluster damages cannot be repaired by the cell, they can cause genetic loss of information, mutations, apoptosis, and promote genomic instability. Through the efforts of many research groups in the past two decades, the study of the interaction between LEEs and DNA under different experimental conditions has unveiled some of the main mechanisms responsible for these damages. In the present review, we focus on experimental investigations in the condensed phase that range from fundamental DNA constituents to oligonucleotides, synthetic duplex DNA, and bacterial (i.e., plasmid) DNA. These targets were irradiated either with LEEs from a monoenergetic-electron or photoelectron source, as sub-monolayer, monolayer, or multilayer films and within clusters or water solutions. Each type of experiment is briefly described, and the observed DNA damages are reported, along with the proposed mechanisms. Defining the role of LEEs within the sequence of events leading to radiobiological lesions contributes to our understanding of the action of radiation on living organisms, over a wide range of initial radiation energies. Applications of the interaction of LEEs with DNA to radiotherapy are briefly summarized.

Fabrication of the narrow size nano curcuminoids emulsion by combining phase inversion temperature and ultrasonication: preparation and bioactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Hieu Tran ◽  
Thuy Thanh Ho ◽  
Tu Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Method ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Inversion Temperature ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Phase Inversion Temperature

A comprehensive study from Curcuma longa to powder nano curcuminoids has been carried out. Combining of both low energy method (Phase Inversion Temperature) and high-energy method (Ultrasonication), a series of...

scholarly journals The low-energy effective theory of axions and ALPs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bauer ◽  
Matthias Neubert ◽  
Sophie Renner ◽  
Marvin Schnubel ◽  
Andrea Thamm
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Loop Order ◽  
Flavor Changing ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
Anomalous Dimensions ◽  
Pseudoscalar Mesons

Abstract Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated low-energy relics of high-energy extensions of the Standard Model, which interact with the known particles through higher-dimensional operators suppressed by the mass scale Λ of the new-physics sector. Starting from the most general dimension-5 interactions, we discuss in detail the evolution of the ALP couplings from the new-physics scale to energies at and below the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking. We derive the relevant anomalous dimensions at two-loop order in gauge couplings and one-loop order in Yukawa interactions, carefully considering the treatment of a redundant operator involving an ALP coupling to the Higgs current. We account for one-loop (and partially two-loop) matching contributions at the weak scale, including in particular flavor-changing effects. The relations between different equivalent forms of the effective Lagrangian are discussed in detail. We also construct the effective chiral Lagrangian for an ALP interacting with photons and light pseudoscalar mesons, pointing out important differences with the corresponding Lagrangian for the QCD axion.

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