scholarly journals AVERAGE ENERGY LOSS PER ION PAIR PRODUCED BY ALPHA PARTICLES IN BINARY GAS MIXTURES

1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Strickler
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Alpha Particles

Effective energy loss per electron-ion pair in proton aurora

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (10/11) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Kozelov ◽  
V. E. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Proton Transport ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Proton Aurora

Abstract. Effective energy loss per electron-ion pair produced, <xi>(E0), as a function of a particle's initial energy has been obtained for proton transport in the atmosphere. The influence of some transport parameters on the shape of <xi>(E0) has been studied. Comparisons with the case of electron transport and with other results were made. It has been shown that: 1. for E0>1 keV, <xi>(E0) varies within the range 30-36 eV; 2. as E0 increases the value of <xi>(E0) tries to attain an asymptotic value that is the same as for electrons (≈35 eV); 3. <xi>(E0) strongly depends on the average energy of secondary electrons, but the energy distribution of secondary electrons is not as important. The range of possible changes in <xi>(E0) associated with discrepancies in cross sections has been obtained.

Stopping-power determination for compound by EELS

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 948-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Joy ◽  
Suichu Luo ◽  
John R. Dunlap ◽  
Dick Williams ◽  
Siqi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Coulomb Collisions ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

In Physics, Chemistry, Materials Science, Biology and Medicine, it is very important to have accurate information about the stopping power of various media for electrons, that is the average energy loss per unit pathlength due to inelastic Coulomb collisions with atomic electrons of the specimen along their trajectories. Techniques such as photoemission spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy have been used in the measurements of electron-solid interaction. In this paper we present a comprehensive technique which combines experimental and theoretical work to determine the electron stopping power for various materials by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS ). As an example, we measured stopping power for Si, C, and their compound SiC. The method, results and discussion are described briefly as below.The stopping power calculation is based on the modified Bethe formula at low energy:where Neff and Ieff are the effective values of the mean ionization potential, and the number of electrons participating in the process respectively. Neff and Ieff can be obtained from the sum rule relations as we discussed before3 using the energy loss function Im(−1/ε).

National primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Alexandr V. Oborin ◽  
Anna Y. Villevalde ◽  
Sergey G. Trofimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Air Kerma Rate

The results of development of the national primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2011 in 2019 are presented according to the recommendations of the ICRU Report No. 90 “Key Data for Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry: Measurement Standards and Applications”. The following changes are made to the equations for the units determination with the standard: in the field of X-rays, new correction coefficients of the free-air ionization chambers are introduced and the relative standard uncertainty of the average energy to create an ion pair in air is changed; in the field of gamma radiation, the product of the average energy to create an ion pair in air and the electron stopping-power graphite to air ratio for the cavity ionization chambers is changed. More accurate values of the units reproduced by GET 8-2019 are obtained and new metrological characteristics of the standard are stated.

scholarly journals Energy loss measurements of inclined muon bundles in the Cherenkov water detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08006
Author(s):  
R.P. Kokoulin ◽  
N.S. Barbashina ◽  
A.G. Bogdanov ◽  
S.S. Khokhlov ◽  
V.A. Khomyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Energy ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Muon Component ◽  
Energy Deposit ◽  
Tracking Detector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Muon Bundles

An experiment on the measurements of the energy deposit of inclined cosmic ray muon bundles is being conducted at the experimental complex NEVOD (MEPhI). The complex includes the Cherenkov water calorimeter with a volume of 2000 m3 and the coordinate-tracking detector DECOR with a total area of 70 m2. The DECOR data are used to determine the local muon densities in the bundle events and their arrival directions, while the energy deposits (and hence the average muon energy loss) are evaluated from the Cherenkov calorimeter response. Average energy loss carries information about the mean muon energy in the bundles. The detection of the bundles in a wide range of muon multiplicities and zenith angles gives the opportunity to explore the energy range of primary cosmic ray particles from about 10 to 1000 PeV in the frame of a single experiment with a relatively small compact setup. Experimental results on the dependence of the muon bundle energy deposit on the zenith angle and the local muon density are presented and compared with expectations based on simulations of the EAS muon component with the CORSIKA code.

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