Lateral diversion in the PTn unit: capillary-barrier analysis

Discussion of “Physical and numerical study of lateral diversion by three-layer inclined capillary barrier covers under humid climatic conditions”

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/cgj-2014-0548 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 530-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Liu ◽

Rui Chen ◽

Charles W.W. Ng

Keyword(s):

Numerical Study ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Capillary Barrier ◽

Lateral Diversion

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Physical and numerical study of lateral diversion by three-layer inclined capillary barrier covers under humid climatic conditions

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/cgj-2013-0449 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 1438-1448 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tony L.T. Zhan ◽

He Li ◽

G.W. Jia ◽

Y.M. Chen ◽

D.G. Fredlund

Keyword(s):

Numerical Modeling ◽

Physical Modeling ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Unsaturated Flow ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Physical Models ◽

Effective Length ◽

Capillary Barrier ◽

Lateral Diversion

Southern China has a humid climate and often receives rainfalls that are of high intensity and (or) long duration. This paper investigates the performance of an inclined three-layer cover with capillary barrier effect (CCBE) comprising silt, sand, and gravel, for usage under humid climatic conditions. Physical modeling tests were carried out to observe the response of the three-layer CCBE system to a continuous heavy rainfall of about 70 mm/h. The layered cover model, housed in a 2 m long and 1 m wide instrumented box, is made up of 0.2 m thick silt, 0.1 m thick sand, and 0.1 m thick gravel, and the inclination of the model is 1V:3H. The movement of wetting front, changes in soil suction, and the primary components of water balance were measured during the operation of the physical models. The experimental data was used to calibrate the hydraulic parameters of the numerical model using the unsaturated flow software, SVFlux. Numerical modeling was subsequently carried out on a 60 m long inclined CCBE system to investigate the effective length of lateral diversion under prolonged rainfall. The main findings of the experimental and numerical studies are as follows: (i) the physical model tests showed that the response of the three-layer CCBE system to a heavy rainfall of 70 mm/h was different from the previous observations on experiments where the rainfall was less than 1.6 mm/h; (ii) correlation between the physical modeling and the numerical modeling indicated anisotropic behavior with respect to the hydraulic conductivity in the unsaturated sand layer; (iii) the long inclined, three-layer CCBE system (i.e., 0.6 m thick silt, 0.2 m thick sand, and 0.2 m thick gravel) had an effective length of lateral diversion over 10 m for 30 days of prolonged rainfall (i.e., 1080 mm in total).

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Reply to the discussion by Liu et al. on “Physical and numerical study of lateral diversion by three-layer inclined capillary barrier covers under humid climatic conditions”

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/cgj-2015-0067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 532-533

Author(s):

Tony L.T. Zhan ◽

He Li ◽

G.W. Jia ◽

Y.M. Chen ◽

D.G. Fredlund

Keyword(s):

Numerical Study ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Capillary Barrier ◽

Lateral Diversion

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The Turnover in Normal Dogs of Prothrombin and Its Fragments; Effect of Induced Intravascular Coagulation

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1666892 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (02) ◽

pp. 548-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles A Owen ◽

Kenneth G Mann ◽

Frederic C McDuffie

Keyword(s):

Close Agreement ◽

Blood Stream ◽

The Other ◽

Normal Adult ◽

Capillary Barrier ◽

Prothrombin Fragment ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Dog Brain

SummaryWhen 125I-labeled canine prothrombin was given to normal adult dogs intravenously, it was calculated that 240% of the plasma prothrombin crossed the capillary barrier per day, 410% of the interstitial prothrombin returned to the blood stream daily, and 79% of the plasmatic prothrombin was catabolized per day. These data are in close agreement with those observed for bovine prothrombin in calves by Takeda (1970).When derived from normal dog prothrombin, prethrombin-1 is a mixture of 2 polypeptides, one larger than the other, and both present in about equal amounts. The longer peptide, “prethrombin-1-long,” was catabolized twice as fast as prothrombin, and the shorter, “prethrombin-1-short,” 4 times faster. Prothrombin fragment-1 was catabolized by the normal dog still more rapidly.The catabolism of prothrombin was not accelerated in 3 dogs receiving continuous infusions of a thromboplastic emulsion of dog brain. Nor was the level of prothrombin in their plasma remarkably altered.

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