scholarly journals Sea ice evolution along the Northern Sea Route and implications for trans-Arctic shipping from 2021 through 2060

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro D'Angelo ◽  
Elizabeth Hunke ◽  
Travis Pitts ◽  
Stephen Price ◽  
Andrew Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Arctic Shipping

The Northern Sea Route, 1996

Polar Record ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (187) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Lawson W. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Venture Company ◽  
Joint Venture Company

AbstractDuring 1996, Russia's Northern Sea Route (NSR) continued to attract international attention. While overall tonnage carried along the NSR declined to approximately two million tonnes, more operations in the Russian maritime Arctic involved foreign flag ships. Ships of Arctic Shipping Services, a Russian-Finnish joint venture company, delivered fuel supplies to ports along the length of the Russian Arctic coast. Twenty-four polar and sub-Arctic icebreakers remained in the Russian fleet as of 1 January 1996. Notable research results of the International NSR Programme, published in 1996during year three of this international effort, provided additional insights into the potential commercial aspects of the NSR as an international waterway. Demonstration projects were also conducted in the Russian Arctic during winter 1996, using satellite radar technology for sea-ice monitoring.

Discovery of the wreck of the Soviet steamer Chelyuskin on the bed of the Chukchi Sea

Polar Record ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Barr
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Pacific

In 1933, the steamer Chelyuskin sailed from Murmansk, east bound to attempt a transit of the Northern Sea Route to the Pacific, in order to demonstrate that such a transit could be achieved in one season. The vessel became beset in heavy ice in the Chukchi Sea, and after drifting with the ice for over two months, was crushed and sank on 13 February 1934. Apart from one fatality, her entire complement of 104 people was able to establish a camp on the sea ice. The Soviet government organised an impressive aerial evacuation, under which all were rescued. Following several unsuccessful attempts, the wreck was located on the bed of the Chukchi Sea by a Russian expedition, Chelyuskin-70, in mid-September 2006. Two small components of the ship's superstructure were recovered by divers and were sent to the ship's builders, Burmeister and Wein of Copenhagen, for identification.

scholarly journals Additional Arctic observations improve weather and sea-ice forecasts for the Northern Sea Route

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Inoue ◽  
Akira Yamazaki ◽  
Jun Ono ◽  
Klaus Dethloff ◽  
Marion Maturilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Northern Sea Route

Short-Term Operational Sea Ice Forecasting for Arctic Shipping

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Howell ◽  
Martin Richard ◽  
Joshua Barnes ◽  
Tony King
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Forecast Horizon ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Day Range ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Break Up

The Arctic sea ice is declining in extent, volume and thickness. With this decline comes an increased interest in the two main Arctic shipping routes: Canada’s Northwest Passage (NWP) and Russian Northern Sea Route (NSR). The NWP is the most direct route between Asia and the East coast of North America. Some routes are up to 40% shorter than those using the Suez Canal. With commercial and contractual implications, Arctic shipping route access needs to be predictable with sufficient lead time to allow optimization. This paper presents a methodology for forecasting the timing and length of the open-water season (by determining freeze-up and break-up dates) on regional scales at key locations in the NWP along with examples of applications. A suite of statistical models were developed to forecast the timing and length of the open-water season at key locations within the NWP, using a multi-node based quadratic discriminant (QD) approach. Forecasts are feasible up to four weeks in advance. Ensembles of QD models were built for key regions using a feature selection method to select an optimized set of input parameters to better discriminate between two states (i.e., ice or open-water). The set of available features used included observed and modeled environmental, oceanographic and atmospheric parameters. Results of models with a 28-day forecast horizon show that over 59% of predictions for break-up and 79% of predictions for freeze-up fall within a ±4-day range, which is the error on the reference dates derived from the weekly CIS ice charts.

scholarly journals Future sea ice conditions and weather forecasts in the Arctic: Implications for Arctic shipping

AMBIO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (S3) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Gascard ◽  
Kathrin Riemann-Campe ◽  
Rüdiger Gerdes ◽  
Harald Schyberg ◽  
Roger Randriamampianina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Ice Conditions

Winter navigation in the Northern Sea Route using RADARSAT data

Polar Record ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (199) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitali Yu. Alexandrov ◽  
Stein Sandven ◽  
Ola M. Johannessen ◽  
Lasse H. Pettersson ◽  
Øyvind Dalen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Pixel Size ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Ice Navigation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Wide Swath

AbstractThe results are presented of the first winter ice navigation demonstration, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the Canadian satellite RADARSAT, onboard the nuclear icebreaker Sovetskiy Soyuz in the Kara Sea region in April–May 1998. While ERS SAR data only could cover part of the sea ice in this large area, the demonstration showed that RADARSAT ScanSAR images with 100 m pixel size could be used to map all relevant ice areas with a few 500 × 500 km scenes. SAR images transferred onboard icebreakers in near real time offer an excellent possibility to select optimal sailing routes in difficult ice conditions such as those that were encountered by this expedition. SAR images were also used for planning of operations prior to the expedition. This study compares sub-satellite sea-ice observations with RADARSAT SAR as well as Okean side-looking radar (SLR) signatures of the major ice types and features found in the Kara Sea during winter. Wide-swath SAR images will become available from several new satellites in the near future, such as Envisat, scheduled in 2001, and RADARSAT-2, in 2002. Satellite SAR images will therefore play an increasingly important role in operational ice monitoring both in the Northern Sea Route and in other ice areas.

Using a skillful statistical model to predict September sea ice covering Arctic shipping routes

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Sha Li ◽  
Muyin Wang ◽  
Wenyu Huang ◽  
Shiming Xu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Arctic Shipping

scholarly journals Cooperation between Russia and China in Arctic Shipping: Current State and Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Mariya A. KOBZEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Strategic Interaction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Arctic Shipping

The article analyzes the cooperation between China and Russia in the field of Arctic shipping. The author compares the tasks of the Northern Sea Route development and the Ice Silk Road construction. This allows identifying the factors that promote and hinder cooperation. The author examines the specifics of the Sino-Russian format of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction that helps to mitigate contradictions between the national interests of the two states. The author examines the current cooperation between Russia and China in the field of Arctic shipping, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in key areas of interaction (SWOT analysis). The author concludes that differences between interests and status of the two states in the Arctic provides Russia a strategic advantage in its relations with the PRC. This balance may be maintained within the framework of a multilateral cooperation. At the same time, cooperation with China in the field of marine security is promising in case of keeping existing power balance. In conclusion, the author suggests areas for cooperation to increase the effectiveness of bilateral interaction in the field of Arctic shipping.

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