Assessment approach to advanced fuel models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Casagranda ◽  
Stephen Novascone ◽  
Gyanender Singh ◽  
Daniel Vanwasshenova ◽  
Pierre-Clement Simon
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Fuel Models ◽  
Advanced Fuel

scholarly journals Comparison Between Experimental and Simulated Knock Statistics Using an Advanced Fuel Surrogate Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Francesco Cicci ◽  
Valentina Pessina ◽  
Clara Iacovano ◽  
Simone Sparacino ◽  
Alessio Barbato
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Fuel Models ◽  
Advanced Fuel ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution ◽  
Physical Quantities

The statistical tendency of a GDI spark-ignition engine to undergo knocking combustion as a consequence of spark timing variation is numerically investigated. In particular, attention is focused on the importance to match combustion-relevant and knock-relevant fuel properties to ensure consistency with the experimental evidence. An inhouse surrogate formulation methodology is used to emulate real gasoline properties, comparing fuel models of increasing complexity. Knock is investigated using a proprietary statistical knock model (GruMo Knock Model, GK-PDF). The model can infer a log-normal distribution of knock intensity within a RANS formalism, by means of transport equations for variances and turbulence-derived probability density functions (PDFs) for physical quantities. The calculated distributions are compared to measured statistical distributions. The proposed numerical/experimental comparison constitutes an advancement in synthetic chemistry integration into 3D-CFD combustion simulations.

Recent Developments in the Assessment and Diagnosis of Child Psychopathology

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Multicultural Knowledge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Assessment And Diagnosis

In this article, recent developments in the assessment and diagnosis of child psychopathology are discussed with an emphasis on standardized methodologies that provide data that can be scored on empirically derived groupings of problems that tend to co-occur. Assessment methodologies are highlighted that especially take account of the following three basic characteristics of child psychopathology: (1) the quantitative nature of child psychopathology; (2) the role of developmental differences in the occurrence of problem behaviors, and (3) the need for multiple informants. Cross-cultural research is needed to test the applicability of assessment procedures across different settings as well as the generalizability of taxonomic constructs. Assessments of children in different cultures can be compared or pooled to arrive at a multicultural knowledge base which may be much stronger than knowledge based on only one culture. It is essential to avoid assuming that data from any single source reveal the significance of particular problems. Instead, comprehensive assessment of psychopathology requires coordination of multisource data using a multiaxial assessment approach.

Assessment of the potential contribution of alternative water supply systems in two contrasting locations: Lilongwe, Malawi and Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Jussah ◽  
Mohamed O. M. Orabi ◽  
Janez Sušnik ◽  
Françoise Bichai ◽  
Chris Zevenbergen
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Growing water demand poses a challenge for supply. Poor understanding of alternative sources can hamper plans for addressing water scarcity and supply resilience. The potential of three alternative supply systems in Lilongwe, Malawi and Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt are compared using a fast, data-light assessment approach. Lilongwe water supply is based on unsustainable use of source water, while Sharm depends primarily on desalination. Both locations experience shortages due to poor system performance and service inequity. Alternative supply systems are shown to potentially contribute to supply augmentation/diversification, improving service and system resilience. There are considerable seasonal variations to consider, especially regarding storage of water. Social preferences could limit the uptake/demand for alternative water. One important conclusion is the value in addressing public perceptions of alternative systems, and assessing water end use in order to site systems appropriately. Other issues surround financing, encouraging uptake and addressing institutional/governance aspects surrounding equitable distribution. A further consideration is whether demand reductions might yield shorter-term improvements in performance without the need to institute potentially expensive alternative water strategies. Reducing non-revenue water is a priority. Such measures should be undertaken with alternative supply enhancement to reduce inequity of supply, improve system performance and increase resilience to future changes.

New high burnup fuel models for NRC`s licensing audit code, FRAPCON

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D Lanning ◽  
C E Beyer ◽  
C L Painter
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Models ◽  
High Burnup

scholarly journals Environmental fate and effects assessment of human pharmaceuticals: lessons learnt from regulatory data

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schwarz ◽  
Daniela Gildemeister ◽  
Arne Hein ◽  
Patrick Schröder ◽  
Jean Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Marketing Approval ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Effect Data ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Biotic Degradation ◽  
High Sorption

AbstractHuman pharmaceuticals are extensively studied and assessed before marketing approval. Since 2006, this also includes an assessment of environmental risks. In the European Union, this is based on the guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00 corr 2), which is currently under revision. For Germany, the German Environment Agency (UBA) is tasked with the evaluation of environmental risks of human pharmaceuticals. Applicants seeking approval of medicinal products need to submit fate and effect data, in case predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) exceed 10 ng/L in surface waters, or the substance is of specific concern through its mode of action or physico-chemical characteristics.Over the last decade, this regulatory work resulted in an internal agency database containing effect data on approximately 300 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A considerable part of this data is currently not publicly available due to property rights held by the respective applicants. The database was evaluated to draw conclusions on how the current assessment approach may be improved.The evaluation of aquatic effect data shows considerable variation in ecotoxic effect concentrations, but supports the current use of 10 ng/L as PEC action limit. For endocrine-active substances and antibiotics, a clear sensitivity profile was observed, which allows a more targeted assessment in the future. The conclusions drawn from terrestrial effect data are less clear, as the database itself is biased because information is only available for substances with high sorption. Further adaptations of the terrestrial assessment strategy, including action triggers, appear necessary. Fate data show a high persistence of many APIs: approximately 43% of all APIs are classified as very persistent; 12% of these show DT50 values in a range where abiotic or biotic degradation is not expected.Overall, the evaluation has shown that improvements of the current guideline are possible.

Impact of changes of horse movement regulations on the risks of equine infectious anemia: A risk assessment approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 105319
Author(s):  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Luis Gustavo Corbellini ◽  
Alba Frias-De-Diego ◽  
Gustavo Nogueira Dieh ◽  
Diego Viali dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia
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