scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016 for the State of South Carolina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Tyler ◽  
Reid Hart ◽  
Michael Rosenberg ◽  
YuLong Xie
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The State

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 for the State of South Carolina

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Hart ◽  
Michael I. Rosenberg ◽  
YuLong Xie ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Eric E. Richman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The State

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 for the State of South Carolina

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Hart ◽  
Rahul A. Athalye ◽  
YuLong Xie ◽  
Jing Wei Zhuge ◽  
Mark A. Halverson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The State

scholarly journals Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Elena A. Mikhailova ◽  
Hamdi A. Zurqani ◽  
Christopher J. Post ◽  
Mark A. Schlautman ◽  
Gregory C. Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Low Country ◽  
Pee Dee

Sustainable management of soil carbon (C) at the state level requires valuation of soil C regulating ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (ED). The objective of this study was to assess the value of regulating ES from soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total soil carbon (TSC) stocks, based on the concept of the avoided social cost of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for the state of South Carolina (SC) in the United States of America (U.S.A.) by soil order, soil depth (0–200 cm), region and county using information from the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. The total estimated monetary mid-point value for TSC in the state of South Carolina was $124.36B (i.e., $124.36 billion U.S. dollars, where B = billion = 109), $107.14B for SOC, and $17.22B for SIC. Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for SOC were: Ultisols ($64.35B), Histosols ($11.22B), and Inceptisols ($10.31B). Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for SIC were: Inceptisols ($5.91B), Entisols ($5.53B), and Alfisols ($5.0B). Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for TSC were: Ultisols ($64.35B), Inceptisols ($16.22B), and Entisols ($14.65B). The regions with the highest midpoint SOC values were: Pee Dee ($34.24B), Low Country ($32.17B), and Midlands ($29.24B). The regions with the highest midpoint SIC values were: Low Country ($5.69B), Midlands ($5.55B), and Pee Dee ($4.67B). The regions with the highest midpoint TSC values were: Low Country ($37.86B), Pee Dee ($36.91B), and Midlands ($34.79B). The counties with the highest midpoint SOC values were Colleton ($5.44B), Horry ($5.37B), and Berkeley ($4.12B). The counties with the highest midpoint SIC values were Charleston ($1.46B), Georgetown ($852.81M, where M = million = 106), and Horry ($843.18M). The counties with the highest midpoint TSC values were Horry ($6.22B), Colleton ($6.02B), and Georgetown ($4.87B). Administrative areas (e.g., counties, regions) combined with pedodiversity concepts can provide useful information to design cost-efficient policies to manage soil carbon regulating ES at the state level.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 for the State of California

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Hart ◽  
Rahul A. Athalye ◽  
YuLong Xie ◽  
Jing Wei Zhuge ◽  
Mark A. Halverson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The State

Potential Losses in a Repeat of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Wong ◽  
Jawhar Bouabid ◽  
William Graf ◽  
Charles Huyck ◽  
Allan Porush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Earthquake Losses ◽  
Fire Stations

A comprehensive earthquake loss assessment for the state of South Carolina using HAZUS was performed considering four different earthquake scenarios: a moment magnitude ( M) 7.3 “1886 Charleston-like” earthquake, M 6.3 and M 5.3 events also from the Charleston seismic source, and an M 5.0 earthquake in Columbia. Primary objectives of this study were (1) to generate credible earthquake losses to provide a baseline for coordination, capability development, training, and strategic planning for the South Carolina Emergency Management Division, and (2) to raise public awareness of the significant earthquake risk in the state. Ground shaking, liquefaction, and earthquake-induced landsliding hazards were characterized using region-specific inputs on seismic source, path, and site effects, and ground motion numerical modeling. Default inventory data on buildings and facilities in HAZUS were either substantially enhanced or replaced. Losses were estimated using a high resolution 2- km×2- km grid rather than the census tract approach used in HAZUS. The results of the loss assessment indicate that a future repeat of the 1886 earthquake would be catastrophic, resulting in possibly 900 deaths, more than 44,000 injuries, and a total economic loss of $20 billion in South Carolina alone. Schools, hospitals, fire stations, ordinary buildings, and bridges will suffer significant damage due to the general lack of seismic design in the state. Lesser damage and losses will be sustained in the other earthquake scenarios although even the smallest event could result in significant losses.

Competition Policy and State Enterprises in the U.K.

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-956
Author(s):  
Brian Chiplin ◽  
Mike Wright
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
State Enterprises

The application of competition policy to nationalized industries (state enterprises) has been strengthened recently in the United Kingdom. Section 11(1) of the 1980 Competition Act broadened the Monopolies Commission oversight of state enterprises. In practice, the Commission will conduct an efficiency audit of each major nationalized industry every four years. The Commission will focus its review on the quality of services, manpower utilization and productivity, and pricing, distribution and purchasing methods of the state enterprise. These efficiency audits have been fairly well received. Their cost-effectiveness and the follow-through on the Commission's recommendations remain to be demonstrated.

Historical and recent seismic activity in South Carolina

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bollinger
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
B Value ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
The State ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Recurrence Relationship ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Felt Area

Abstract The seismic history of South Carolina is dominated by the great Charleston earthquake of August 31, 1886. In addition to having several unusual aspects (region essentially free from shocks for preceding 200 years, large felt area, dual epicenter points, “low intensity zone” in West Virginia), that intensity X event seriously perturbed the seismic regime of the area for at least the following 30 years. Of 438 earthquakes reported to have occurred in the state between 1754 and 1971, 402 have been in the Charleston-Summerville area. The remaining 36 shocks form a southeasterly-trending zone of activity that is transverse to the structural grain of the Appalachians. For the 60 shocks assigned an intensity value (1886-1971), a recurrence relationship between the number of earthquakes “N” of maximum intensity “I0” was found to be log N = 0.52-0.31 I0 for IV ≦ I0 ≦ VIII. This corresponds to a “b” value of 0.5 ± 0.1 in log N versus M relationship assuming M = 1 + (2/3)I0. These data suggest a frequency of seismic activity comparable to that reported for the New Madrid seismic zone. Three months of microearthquake monitoring in the Charleston area during the summer of 1971 yielded 505 hr of low-noise data. Sixty-one earthquakes, primarily in swarm occurrence, were recorded. An h value of 1.8 ± 0.5 was determined for these microshock events. This value is similar to that previously observed for a swarm sequence in New Jersey. Four shocks occurred in the state during 1971. Three of these events (May 19, July 31, August 11) were in the central part of the state near Orangeburg, while the third event (July 13) was near Seneca in northwestern South Carolina. All three events had 3.0 < ML < 4.0. Similar episodes of three or four shocks in 1 year happened in 1956 and again in 1965. The Orangeburg area had, according to historical data, been previously free of earthquake epicenters.

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