scholarly journals Algal Biomass Conversion to Fuels via Combined Algae Processing (CAP): 2019 State of Technology and Future Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Davis ◽  
Matthew Wiatrowski
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Future Research

scholarly journals Demonstration of parallel algal processing: production of renewable diesel blendstock and a high-value chemical intermediate

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Knoshaug ◽  
Ali Mohagheghi ◽  
Nick J. Nagle ◽  
Jonathan J. Stickel ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals

Demonstration of a novel integrated algal biomass conversion process for fuels and chemicals.

Performance and Emissions Control of Commercial-Scale Biochar Production Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Severy ◽  
David J. Carter ◽  
Kyle D. Palmer ◽  
Anthony J. Eggink ◽  
Charles E. Chamberlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Contamination Levels

Abstract.Two commercial biochar production machines – a single-auger unit and a larger dual-auger version – were operated to evaluate feedstock specifications, biochar quality, throughput rates, and emissions profiles. Biochar was produced from woody biomass feedstocks of various species, contamination levels, comminution methods, and moisture contents. Feedstocks with ash content exceeding 15% dry basis or moisture content exceeding 25% wet basis were observed to decrease fixed carbon content of biochar and to increase the labor effort required to operate the machine. The dual-auger version of the machine was able to process 380 kg h-1 of biomass feedstock (dry basis) to produce 63 kg h-1 of biochar with a mean electricity demand of 4.5 kW. Average CO, propane, NOx, and SO2 emission rates from the flare of this machine were measured to be 160, 120, 51, and 43 g h-1, respectively, with total particulate matter (PM), PM10, and PM2.5 emission rates of 380, 40, and 4.5 g h-1, respectively. Results from these experiments indicate that high-quality biochar can be produced from a variety of feedstocks, including forest residuals, as long as the ash and moisture content are within the specifications. Future research and development should focus on increasing the throughput of the machine, implementing an automated control system to reduce the operational effort, and improving safety and product consistency. Keywords: Biochar, Biomass, Biomass conversion technology, Carbon sequestration, Forest residuals, Gasification, Pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Algal biomass conversion to bioethanol - a step-by-step assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razif Harun ◽  
Jason W. S. Yip ◽  
Selvakumar Thiruvenkadam ◽  
Wan A. W. A. K. Ghani ◽  
Tamara Cherrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Conversion

Supercritical Fluids as a Tool for Green Energy and Chemicals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1105-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maša Knez Hrnčič ◽  
Darija Cör ◽  
Željko Knez
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Solid Compounds

Hydrothermal conversion of biomass is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and biobased chemicals. This chapter is focused on the waste biomass conversion for production of biofuels and chemicals by applying sub- and supercritical fluids. One of the biggest disadvantages in biomass conversion by SCF is the extremely high energy requirement for heating the media above the water critical point (374 °C, 221 bar). The idea behind the recent research is to reduce the operating temperature and energy requirements by processing biomass with water at much higher pressures. The importance of knowledge on behavior of multicomponent systems at elevated pressures and temperatures is underlined. Methods, developed by the authors of this chapter for determination of thermodynamic and transport properties for multicomponent systems of different solid compounds and supercritical fluid under extreme conditions are described. Future perspective of hydrothermal technology as a tool to obtain advanced materials and the possible scope for future research is also discussed.

scholarly journals An Under-Ice Hyperspectral and RGB Imaging System to Capture Fine-Scale Biophysical Properties of Sea Ice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Cimoli ◽  
Klaus M. Meiners ◽  
Arko Lucieer ◽  
Vanessa Lucieer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ice Algae ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Non Invasive

Sea-ice biophysical properties are characterized by high spatio-temporal variability ranging from the meso- to the millimeter scale. Ice coring is a common yet coarse point sampling technique that struggles to capture such variability in a non-invasive manner. This hinders quantification and understanding of ice algae biomass patchiness and its complex interaction with some of its sea ice physical drivers. In response to these limitations, a novel under-ice sled system was designed to capture proxies of biomass together with 3D models of bottom topography of land-fast sea-ice. This system couples a pushbroom hyperspectral imaging (HI) sensor with a standard digital RGB camera and was trialed at Cape Evans, Antarctica. HI aims to quantify per-pixel chlorophyll-a content and other ice algae biological properties at the ice-water interface based on light transmitted through the ice. RGB imagery processed with digital photogrammetry aims to capture under-ice structure and topography. Results from a 20 m transect capturing a 0.61 m wide swath at sub-mm spatial resolution are presented. We outline the technical and logistical approach taken and provide recommendations for future deployments and developments of similar systems. A preliminary transect subsample was processed using both established and novel under-ice bio-optical indices (e.g., normalized difference indexes and the area normalized by the maximal band depth) and explorative analyses (e.g., principal component analyses) to establish proxies of algal biomass. This first deployment of HI and digital photogrammetry under-ice provides a proof-of-concept of a novel methodology capable of delivering non-invasive and highly resolved estimates of ice algal biomass in-situ, together with some of its environmental drivers. Nonetheless, various challenges and limitations remain before our method can be adopted across a range of sea-ice conditions. Our work concludes with suggested solutions to these challenges and proposes further method and system developments for future research.

Supercritical Fluids as a Tool for Green Energy and Chemicals

2017 ◽  
pp. 554-587
Author(s):  
Maša Knez Hrnčič ◽  
Darija Cör ◽  
Željko Knez
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Solid Compounds

Hydrothermal conversion of biomass is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and biobased chemicals. This chapter is focused on the waste biomass conversion for production of biofuels and chemicals by applying sub- and supercritical fluids. One of the biggest disadvantages in biomass conversion by SCF is the extremely high energy requirement for heating the media above the water critical point (374 °C, 221 bar). The idea behind the recent research is to reduce the operating temperature and energy requirements by processing biomass with water at much higher pressures. The importance of knowledge on behavior of multicomponent systems at elevated pressures and temperatures is underlined. Methods, developed by the authors of this chapter for determination of thermodynamic and transport properties for multicomponent systems of different solid compounds and supercritical fluid under extreme conditions are described. Future perspective of hydrothermal technology as a tool to obtain advanced materials and the possible scope for future research is also discussed.

Supercritical Fluids as a Tool for Green Energy and Chemicals

2021 ◽  
pp. 761-791
Author(s):  
Maša Knez Hrnčič ◽  
Darija Cör ◽  
Željko Knez
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Solid Compounds

Hydrothermal conversion of biomass is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and biobased chemicals. This chapter is focused on the waste biomass conversion for production of biofuels and chemicals by applying sub- and supercritical fluids. One of the biggest disadvantages in biomass conversion by SCF is the extremely high energy requirement for heating the media above the water critical point (374 °C, 221 bar). The idea behind the recent research is to reduce the operating temperature and energy requirements by processing biomass with water at much higher pressures. The importance of knowledge on behavior of multicomponent systems at elevated pressures and temperatures is underlined. Methods, developed by the authors of this chapter for determination of thermodynamic and transport properties for multicomponent systems of different solid compounds and supercritical fluid under extreme conditions, are described. A future perspective of hydrothermal technology as a tool to obtain advanced materials and the possible scope for future research is also discussed.

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