scholarly journals Development of a Cost-Effective Extraction Process for the Recovery of Heavy and Critical Rare Earth Elements from the Clays and Shales Associated with Coal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Noble ◽  
Roe-Hoan Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Process

scholarly journals Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Impurity Aluminum on the Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements (Nd, Pr, La) by P204-P350 in Chloride Solution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Xian Xie ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Yunpeng Du ◽  
Qiang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Impurity Ion

Solvent extraction is the most widely used method for separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (P350) are most commonly used for industrial applications. However, the presence of impurity ions in the feed liquid during extraction can easily emulsify the extractant and affect the quality of rare earth products. Aluminum ion is the most common impurity ion in the feed liquid, and it is an important cause of emulsification of the extractant. In this study, the influence of aluminum ion was investigated on the extraction of light rare earth elements by the P204-P350 system in hydrochloric acid medium. The results show that Al3+ competes with light rare earths in the extraction process, reducing the overall extraction rate. In addition, the Al3+ stripping rate is low and there is continuous accumulation of Al3+ in the organic phase during the stripping process, affecting the extraction efficiency and even causing emulsification. The slope method and infrared detection were utilized to explore the formation of an extraction compound of Al3+ and the extractant P204-P350 that entered the organic phase as AlCl[(HA)2]2P350(o).

scholarly journals Increasing the depth of apatite processing by extracting rare-earth elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
E.S. Lukyantseva ◽  
V.V. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Currently, most high-technology productions are impossible without rare-earth elements (REE). The heavy rare-earth elements are of great interest as they have the highest market value and are in demand in the vast majority of knowledge-intensive industries. The main recourse of REE in Russia is apatite ore which is used in the production of fertilizers. As a result of its leaching, about 15-20% of REE goes to wet-process phosphoric acid. To enhance the depth of apatite processing, it is necessary to develop a technology which will allow obtaining rare-earth elements as by-products. The method of extraction and concentration of REE discussed in this paper was conducted by using the extractant based on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). The mechanism of extraction was studied, as well as the impact of the extractant concentration, phase ratio and the number of stages on the extraction process.

Extraction of Complexes of Some Metals with 1,1-Disubstituted 3-Diphenoxythiophosphorylthioureas

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Navrátil ◽  
Eckhard Herrmann ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Chau ◽  
Channy Tea ◽  
Jiří Smola
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Radiotracer Technique ◽  
Extraction Constants

The extraction of complexes of silver, mercury, cadmium, cobalt, zinc, scandium and some rare earth elements (Ln) into benzene solutions of 1,1-disubstituted 3-diphenoxythiophosphorylthioureas (HA) containing alkyl and aryl substituents was examined using the radiotracer technique. The complexes AgA(HA), HgA2, CdA2 and LnA3 are extracted into the organic phase, and the extraction increases in order Co, Zn, Cd ≈ Ln << Hg < Ag. The extraction constants were calculated. During the extraction process using medium acidic aqueous phases (1 M HNO3), the reagents decompose into the corresponding amines and (PhO)2P(S)NCS.

Peptide–carbon hybrid membranes for highly efficient and selective extraction of actinides from rare earth elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Ying Lv ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Meng Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Hybrid Membranes ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Rapid Pressure ◽  
Pressure Driven

A cost-effective peptide–carbon hybrid membrane was developed to selectively extract uranium (U(vi)) and thorium (Th(iv)) from rare earth elements (REEs) through rapid pressure-driven filtration.

scholarly journals Adsorption methods for the extraction and seperation of rare earth elements. Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Jumadilov ◽  
◽  
Kh. Khimersen ◽  
B. Totkhuskyzy ◽  
J. Haponiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Extraction And Separation

Rare earth elements play an important role in the production, energy, and high technology. Due to the rapid development of industry, the demand for rare earth metals is rising every day. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the extraction of rare earth metals from various sources to meet the demand for these elements. Currently, pyro- and hydrometallurgical technologies are used to extract rare earth metals from an ore and other secondary sources (industrial wastewater, acid drainage mines, etc.). Hydrometallurgical technologies include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and ion exchange methods. Adsorption is one of the most effective methods for the extraction and separation of rare earth elements. Adsorption methods are highly selectivity to metal ions and have low emissions. However, not all adsorbents are effective in producing the same metal ions. This study provides an overview of the different adsorbents that can be used to extract rare earth elements from aquatic systems. Hydrogels and molecular polymers have been found to be cost-effective methods for high-grade rare earth metals. Further research is needed to ensure the performance of these systems.

scholarly journals Selective Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphoric Acid by Ion Exchange Resins

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Hérès ◽  
Vincent Blet ◽  
Patricia Di Natale ◽  
Abla Ouaattou ◽  
Hamid Mazouz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Exchange Resins

Rare earth elements (REE) are present at low concentrations (hundreds of ppm) in phosphoric acid solutions produced by the leaching of phosphate ores by sulfuric acid. The strongly acidic and complexing nature of this medium, as well as the presence of metallic impurities (including iron and uranium), require the development of a particularly cost effective process for the selective recovery of REE. Compared to the classical but costly solvent extraction, liquid-solid extraction using commercial chelating ion exchange resins could be an interesting alternative. Among the different resins tested in this paper (Tulsion CH-93, Purolite S940, Amberlite IRC-747, Lewatit TP-260, Lewatit VP OC 1026, Monophos, Diphonix,) the aminophosphonic IRC-747, and aminomethylphosphonic TP-260 are the most promising. Both of them present similar performances in terms of maximum sorption capacity estimated to be 1.8 meq/g dry resin and in adsorption kinetics, which appears to be best explained by a moving boundary model controlled by particle diffusion.

scholarly journals Penentuan Kondisi Optimum Proses Ekstraksi Uranium dan Torium dari Terak II Timah dengan Metode Pelindian Asam Sulfat dan Solvent Extraction Trioctylamine (TOA)

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mutia Anggraini ◽  
Fuad Wafa Nawawi ◽  
Kurnia Setiawan Widana
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Tin Slag ◽  
Slag Processing

ABSTRAKTerak II timah merupakan produk hasil samping dari peleburan timah tahap kedua. Terak II timah ini mengandung unsur bernilai ekonomi tinggi berupa unsur radioaktif (uranium dan torium) dan logam tanah jarang (rare earth element). Unsur-unsur tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan apabila telah terpisah satu dengan lainnya. Proses pemisahan unsur radioaktif dan unsur logam tanah jarang telah dilakukan dengan metode pelindian asam sulfat. Hasil proses ini adalah endapan yang mengandung logam tanah jarang dan filtrat yang mengandung unsur radioaktif berupa uranium dan torium sulfat. Penelitian terkait pemisahan uranium dan torium hasil pengolahan terak II timah hanya sedikit dipublikasikan. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas proses pemisahan uranium dan torium dengan metode solvent extraction menggunakan trioctylamine (TOA). Proses solvent extraction dilakukan dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi TOA yang digunakan, perbandingan fase aqueous dan fase organik (A/O) dan variasi waktu ekstraksi. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh kondisi optimum proses yaitu konsentrasi TOA 4%, perbandingan A/O 1 : 1, dan waktu pencampuran aqueous dan organik selama 2 menit. Pada kondisi ini uranium dan torium yang terekstrak masing-masing sebanyak 67% dan 0,84%. ABSTRACTTin slag II is a by-product of the second stage of tin smelting. The tin slag II contains high economic value elements in the form of radioactive elements (uranium and thorium) and rare earth elements. These elements can be utilized if they are separated from each other. The process of separating radioactive elements and rare earth elements has been carried out by leaching sulfuric acid method. The results of this process are residue containing rare earth elements and filtrates containing radioactive elements in the form of uranium and thorium sulfate. Research related to the separation of uranium and thorium sulfate in tin slag processing is only slightly published. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of the uranium and thorium separating process by the solvent extraction method using trioctylamine (TOA). The solvent extraction process is carried out by varying the concentration of TOA used, comparison of the aqueous and organic phase (A/O) and variations in extraction time. In this study, the optimum conditions for the process were obtained at 4% of TOA concentration, 1 : 1 of A/O ratio, and mixing time of aqueous and organic phase for 2 minutes. In this condition, uranium and thorium which extracted were 67% and 0.84% respectively.

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