scholarly journals Efficient Isotope Recovery and Seamless Recycle of Target Material in a Salt Matrix

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Williams ◽  
Susan Hogle ◽  
Guillermo Del Cul
Keyword(s):  
Target Material ◽  
Salt Matrix

Atomic orientation effects in proton stopping at low velocity

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 708-709
Author(s):  
Kin Lam
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Material ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Interatomic Distances ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Atomic Orientation

The energy of moving ions in solid is dependent on the electronic density as well as the atomic structural properties of the target material. These factors contribute to the observable effects in polycrystalline material using the scanning ion microscope. Here we outline a method to investigate the dependence of low velocity proton stopping on interatomic distances and orientations.The interaction of charged particles with atoms in the frame work of the Fermi gas model was proposed by Lindhard. For a system of atoms, the electronic Lindhard stopping power can be generalized to the formwhere the stopping power function is defined as

Spatially Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Recent Progress and Future Plans

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
A. M. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Orbital Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Koopmans Theorem ◽  
Surface Analytical Technique

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) was not developed by Siegbahn and co-workers as a surface analytical technique, but rather as a general probe of electronic structure and chemical reactivity. The method is based on the phenomenon of photoionisation: The absorption of monochromatic radiation in the target material (free atoms, molecules, solids or liquids) causes electrons to be injected into the vacuum continuum. Pseudo-monochromatic laboratory light sources (e.g. AlKα) have mostly been used hitherto for this excitation; in recent years synchrotron radiation has become increasingly important. A kinetic energy analysis of the so-called photoelectrons gives rise to a spectrum which consists of a series of lines corresponding to each discrete core and valence level of the system. The measured binding energy, EB, given by EB = hv−EK, where EK is the kineticenergy relative to the vacuum level, may be equated with the orbital energy derived from a Hartree-Fock SCF calculation of the system under consideration (Koopmans theorem).

Contribution of x-ray total reflection to the background intensity in EPMA

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Werner P. Rehbach ◽  
Peter Karduck
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Characteristic Radiation ◽  
X Ray

In the EPMA of soft x rays anomalies in the background are found for several elements. In the literature extremely high backgrounds in the region of the OKα line are reported for C, Al, Si, Mo, and Zr. We found the same effect also for Boron (Fig. 1). For small glancing angles θ, the background measured using a LdSte crystal is significantly higher for B compared with BN and C, although the latter are of higher atomic number. It would be expected, that , characteristic radiation missing, the background IB (bremsstrahlung) is proportional Zn by variation of the atomic number of the target material. According to Kramers n has the value of unity, whereas Rao-Sahib and Wittry proposed values between 1.12 and 1.38 , depending on Z, E and Eo. In all cases IB should increase with increasing atomic number Z. The measured values are in discrepancy with the expected ones.

Specimen Preparation of Near Surface Ion Irradiated Samples

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
K. F. Russell ◽  
L. L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Graaff Accelerator ◽  
Van De Graaff

Beams of heavy ions from particle accelerators are used to produce radiation damage in metal alloys. The damaged layer extends several microns below the surface of the specimen with the maximum damage and depth dependent upon the energy of the ions, type of ions, and target material. Using 4 MeV heavy ions from a Van de Graaff accelerator causes peak damage approximately 1 μm below the specimen surface. To study this area, it is necessary to remove a thickness of approximately 1 μm of damaged metal from the surface (referred to as “sectioning“) and to electropolish this region to electron transparency from the unirradiated surface (referred to as “backthinning“). We have developed electropolishing techniques to obtain electron transparent regions at any depth below the surface of a standard TEM disk. These techniques may be applied wherever TEM information is needed at a specific subsurface position.

{10} edge dislocations in YSZ films grown on (100)MgO by PLD

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
Jason R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Organic Chemical

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is currently used in a variety of applications including oxygen sensors, fuel cells, coatings for semiconductor lasers, and buffer layers for high-temperature superconducting films. Thin films of YSZ have been grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical vapor deposition, pulse-laser deposition (PLD), electron-beam evaporation, and sputtering. In this investigation, PLD was used to grow thin films of YSZ on (100) MgO substrates. This system proves to be an interesting example of relationships between interfaces and extrinsic dislocations in thin films of YSZ.In this experiment, a freshly cleaved (100) MgO substrate surface was prepared for deposition by cleaving a lmm-thick slice from a single-crystal MgO cube. The YSZ target material which contained 10mol% yttria was prepared from powders and sintered to 85% of theoretical density. The laser system used for the depositions was a Lambda Physik 210i excimer laser operating with KrF (λ=248nm, 1Hz repetition rate, average energy per pulse of 100mJ).

scholarly journals Current–voltage characteristics of an impulse magnetron discharge in target material vapor

2020 ◽  
Vol 1686 ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Kaziev ◽  
Kseniia A. Leonova ◽  
Maksim M. Kharkov ◽  
Alexander V. Tumarkin ◽  
Dobrynya V. Kolodko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Material ◽  
Magnetron Discharge ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics

scholarly journals Yttrium Oxide Freeze-Casts: Target Materials for Radioactive Ion Beams

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2864
Author(s):  
Eva Kröll ◽  
Miriana Vadalà ◽  
Juliana Schell ◽  
Simon Stegemann ◽  
Jochen Ballof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Yttrium Oxide ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Isotope Separation ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Radioactive Ion Beams ◽  
Freeze Casting

Highly porous yttrium oxide is fabricated as ion beam target material in order to produce radioactive ion beams via the Isotope Separation On Line (ISOL) method. Freeze casting allows the formation of an aligned pore structure in these target materials to improve the isotope release. Aqueous suspensions containing a solid loading of 10, 15, and 20 vol% were solidified with a unidirectional freeze-casting setup. The pore size and pore structure of the yttrium oxide freeze-casts are highly affected by the amount of solid loading. The porosity ranges from 72 to 84% and the crosslinking between the aligned channels increases with increasing solid loading. Thermal aging of the final target materials shows that an operation temperature of 1400 °C for 96 h has no significant effect on the microstructure. Thermo-mechanical calculation results, based on a FLUKA simulation, are compared to measured compressive strength and forecast the mechanical integrity of the target materials during operation. Even though they were developed for the particular purpose of the production of short-lived radioactive isotopes, the yttria freeze-cast scaffolds can serve multiple other purposes, such as catalyst support frameworks or high-temperature fume filters.

scholarly journals Surface Forming Criteria of Ti-6AL-4V Titanium Alloy under Laser Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5406
Author(s):  
Fei Yin ◽  
Xia Ye ◽  
Hongbing Yao ◽  
Pengyu Wei ◽  
Xumei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Shock Condition ◽  
Key Factor

In order to study the spallation phenomenon of titanium alloy under the shock of nanosecond laser, the Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet laser was used to carry out laser shock experiments on the surface of titanium alloy. By observing and measuring the surface morphology of the target material, the forming factors and the changes of the surface morphology under different parameter settings, the forming criteria of the titanium alloy were obtained. The results show that under the single variable method, the change of laser energy can affect the target shape variable, and there is a positive correlation between them. When the thickness was greater than or equal to 0.08 mm, no obvious cracks were found in the targets. Moreover, the number of impact times was the key factor for the target deformation; with the growth of impact times, the target deformation gradually became larger until the crack appeared. The larger the diameter of the spot, the more likely the target was to undergo plastic deformation. The surface of titanium alloy with a thickness of 0.08 mm appeared to rebound under specific laser shock condition. The changes in the back of the target material were observed in real time through a high-speed camera, and the plasma induced by the laser was observed in the process. This study is based on the results of previous studies to obtain the titanium alloy forming criteria, which provides a basis for the setting of laser parameters and the thickness of the target when the nanosecond laser impacts the Ti-6AL-4V target.

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