Multidisciplinary Design of an Innovative Natural Draft, Forced Diffusion Cookstove for Woody and Herbaceous Biomass Fuels in East Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Posner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Multidisciplinary Design ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Natural Draft ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass ◽  
Forced Diffusion

scholarly journals Fundamental Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic Woody and Herbaceous Biomass Fuels

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeong-Min Kim ◽  
Dae-Gyun Lee ◽  
Chung-Hwan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Distributed Activation Energy Model ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass ◽  
Char Oxidation

Biomass fuels are increasingly being viewed as viable alternatives for energy production in biomass-fired power plants and coal-fired power plants, which aim to employ co-firing technologies to achieve CO2 emission reductions. In this study, wood pellets (woody biomass) and kenaf (herbaceous biomass) were fully characterized in terms of their elemental compositions, pyrolysis, and char oxidation kinetics. Kinetic parameters were obtained through the application of the multi-Gaussian distributed activation energy model (DAEM) and Kissinger equation. Analyses of the ash indicated that, unlike coal, the biomass fuel is mostly composed of metal oxide ash. The calorific values of wood pellets were slightly higher than those of kenaf. Detailed kinetic analyses are presented so that steps can be taken to combust the biomass fuels in power plants. The kinetic data suggested that the mechanism for the char oxidation of wood pellets may be more complex than that for kenaf. In summary, these torrefied and pyrolyzed materials were found to represent potentially useful biomass fuels.

Drawers of Water II: assessing change in domestic water use in East Africa

Waterlines ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thompson ◽  
Ina Porras ◽  
Munguti Katui-Katua ◽  
Mark Mujwahuzi ◽  
James Tumwine
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Domestic Water

Coffee and qat on the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia – botanical, ethnobotanical and commercial observations made in Yemen 1762–1763

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
I. Friis
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Made In

In spite of widespread consumption of coffee in Europe at the time of the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia 1761–1767, little was known of the cultivation of coffee in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export to Europe. Fresh leaves of qat were used as a stimulant on the Arabian Peninsula and in East Africa, but before the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia this plant was known in Europe only from secondary reports. Two members of the expedition, Carsten Niebuhr and Peter Forsskål, pioneered studies of coffee and qat in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export. Linnaeus' instructions for travellers requested observations on the use of coffee, but otherwise Forsskål and Niebuhr's studies of coffee and qat were made entirely on their own initiative. Now, 250 years after The Royal Danish expedition to Arabia, coffee has become one of the world's most valuable trade commodities and qat has become a widely used and banned drug.

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