Simple grab sampling methods for the measurement of WL(Rn) and WL(Tn) concentrations

Evaluation of sampling methods for monitoring effluent phosphorus for on-site wastewater treatment systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.107 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 2049-2054 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erik Johannessen ◽

Arild Schanke Eikum ◽

Tore Krogstad

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

Composite Samples ◽

Student’S T Test

More than 1,600 prefabricated on-site wastewater treatment plants are in operation in the Morsa watershed in Norway. As of 2010 a monitoring program on the performance of these plants is in effect. Sampling methods for wastewater treatment plants is discussed, and different methods are compared. The study includes six different plant models, of which all are prefabricated package plants. The parameters investigated were total phosphorus (Tot-P), orthophosphate (PO4-P) and suspended solids (SS). Diurnal curves showed no apparent repetitive variation over 24 h intervals, indicating good equalization and robust design to compensate for highly variable loadings. A comparison of grab samples and time proportional composite samples showed almost identical average values, and a paired two-tailed Student's t-test indicates no statistically significant difference between the sampling methods. The results indicate that equivalent results should be expected irrespective of sampling method, and, as composite sampling is attributed to much higher costs, it is recommended that grab sampling should be used when a large number of plants are evaluated.

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Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the city of Independence, Missouri, 2013

Scientific Investigations Report ◽

10.3133/sir20155144 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Heather M. Krempa

Keyword(s):

Sampling Methods ◽

Missouri River ◽

Alluvial Aquifer ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

The City

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On the Accuracy of Grab-Sampling Methods for Radon Daughters

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081595 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 45 (1-4) ◽

pp. 523-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P.-S. Weng ◽

C.-J. Chen ◽

T.-C. Chu ◽

Y.-M. Lin

Keyword(s):

Sampling Methods ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Radon Daughters

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Passive and grab sampling methods to assess pesticide residues in water. A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1007/s10311-020-00998-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1019-1048 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduard F. Valenzuela ◽

Helvécio C. Menezes ◽

Zenilda L. Cardeal

Keyword(s):

Pesticide Residues ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Grab Sampling

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On the Accuracy of Grab-Sampling Methods for Radon Daughters

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/45.1-4.523 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 45 (1-4) ◽

pp. 523-526

Author(s):

P.-S. Weng ◽

C.-J. Chen ◽

T.-C. Chu ◽

Y.-M. Lin

Keyword(s):

Sampling Methods ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Radon Daughters

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Going Beyond 3-D Imaging: Automated 3-D Montaged image Analysis of Cytological Specimens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163873 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

Badrinath Roysam ◽

Hakan Ancin ◽

Douglas E. Becker ◽

Robert W. Mackin ◽

Matthew M. Chestnut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Field Of View ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Depth Of Field ◽

Tissue Cell ◽

Tissue Organization

This paper summarizes recent advances made by this group in the automated three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis of cytological specimens that are much thicker than the depth of field, and much wider than the field of view of the microscope. The imaging of thick samples is motivated by the need to sample large volumes of tissue rapidly, make more accurate measurements than possible with 2-D sampling, and also to perform analysis in a manner that preserves the relative locations and 3-D structures of the cells. The motivation to study specimens much wider than the field of view arises when measurements and insights at the tissue, rather than the cell level are needed.The term “analysis” indicates a activities ranging from cell counting, neuron tracing, cell morphometry, measurement of tracers, through characterization of large populations of cells with regard to higher-level tissue organization by detecting patterns such as 3-D spatial clustering, the presence of subpopulations, and their relationships to each other. Of even more interest are changes in these parameters as a function of development, and as a reaction to external stimuli. There is a widespread need to measure structural changes in tissue caused by toxins, physiologic states, biochemicals, aging, development, and electrochemical or physical stimuli. These agents could affect the number of cells per unit volume of tissue, cell volume and shape, and cause structural changes in individual cells, inter-connections, or subtle changes in higher-level tissue architecture. It is important to process large intact volumes of tissue to achieve adequate sampling and sensitivity to subtle changes. It is desirable to perform such studies rapidly, with utmost automation, and at minimal cost. Automated 3-D image analysis methods offer unique advantages and opportunities, without making simplifying assumptions of tissue uniformity, unlike random sampling methods such as stereology.12 Although stereological methods are known to be statistically unbiased, they may not be statistically efficient. Another disadvantage of sampling methods is the lack of full visual confirmation - an attractive feature of image analysis based methods.

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Pengaruh Tekanan Waktu, Locus Of Control , Tindakan Supervisi, Dan Materialitas Terhadap Penghentian Prematur Atas Prosedur Audit Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2015

Kajian Bisnis STIE Widya Wiwaha ◽

10.32477/jkb.v24i1.216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 35-53

Author(s):

Sulastiningsih Sulastiningsih ◽

Intan Ayu Candra

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Premature Termination ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Friedman Test ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Public Accountant

The purpose of this study is to prove: (1) Time pressure, locus of control, the action of supervision and materiality partially affect the premature termination of the audit procedures (2) Time pressure, locus of control, supervision and materiality simultaneously affect the premature termination on the audit procedures. This research was conducted in Public Accountant firm in Yogyakarta region of which total 12 samples of KAP, by distributing 105 questionnaires, and 57 questionnaires were returned (54%). 34 of the returned questionnaires can be processed (34%). The samples in this study were determined by using non-probability sampling, one of purposive sampling methods. Data analysis consisted of: (1) validity test, reliability test and classical assumption. The result showed that the instruments used are quite reliable and valid (2) multiple linear regression analysis. The results are (a) Some of independent variables partially affect premature termination of the audit procedure, while the action of supervision does not influence premature termination of audit procedures (b) All independent variables influence simultaneously to the premature termination of the audit procedures (c) All independent variables showed that as much as 55% it affects on premature termination of the audit procedures, the rest of it are influenced by other variables. (3) Friedman Test. The result shows that there are order of priority of audit procedures being terminated.

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