scholarly journals Bio-energy Alliance High-Tonnage Bio-energy Crop Production and Conversion into Conventional Fuels

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Capareda ◽  
◽  
Mahmoud El-Halwagi ◽  
Kenneth R. Hall ◽  
Mark Holtzapple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Graß ◽  
Florian Heuser ◽  
Reinhold Stülpnagel ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Michael Wachendorf

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1251-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-K. Rämö ◽  
E. Järvinen ◽  
T. Latvala ◽  
R. Toivonen ◽  
H. Silvennoinen

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hareth Pochee ◽  
Innes Johnston

It has been proposed that increasing the amount of foliage, trees and soft landscaping in our cities could prove useful environmentally, economically and socially. Benefits of greener urban environments that have been suggested range from reduction in water pollution to improved mental health. This paper outlines a critical appraisal of the science and reasoning behind several cited benefits of greening cities. The specific potential benefits addressed are urban heat island mitigation, improved insulation, stormwater management, air pollution reduction, energy crop production, acoustic attenuation, food production and community gardening for health and wellbeing. London, UK, has been used as an example case with an aim of estimating the extent, types and distributions of green that would be required to yield meaningful city-scale benefits. The work takes a broad-brush approach, from a designer's perspective, to begin the process of understanding how greenery designs work, to what extent, and how they might be applied in urban environments. The characteristics of some concept design options for a Garden City version of London that illustrate the scale of greening required to realise the benefits are presented. Practical application: This paper outlines a critical appraisal of the science and reasoning behind several cited benefits of greening cities. The specific potential benefits addressed are urban heat island mitigation, improved insulation, stormwater management, air pollution reduction, energy crop production, acoustic attenuation, food production and community gardening for health and wellbeing. A collection of concept designs, for London, UK, has been examined with the aim of estimating the extent, types and distributions of greenery that would be required to yield meaningful city-scale benefits. The work has direct relevance to city planning and the design of green infrastructure in London, UK; however, many of the issues covered are applicable to other cities worldwide.


1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson ◽  
C. I. Marrison

This paper assesses the scales at which commercial, first-generation biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine combined cycle (BIG/GTCC) technology is likely to be most economic when fueled by plantation-derived biomass. First-generation BIG/GTCC systems are likely to be commercially offered by vendors beginning around 2000 and will be based on either pressurized or atmospheric-pressure gasification. Both plant configurations are considered here, with estimates of capital and operating costs drawn from published and other sources. Prospective costs of a farm-grown energy crop (switchgrass) delivered to a power plant are developed with the aid of a geographic information system (GIS) for agricultural regions in the North Central and Southeast US in the year 2000 and 2020. A simplified approach is applied to estimate the cost of delivering chipped eucalyptus from an existing plantation in Northeast Brazil. The “optimum” capacity (MWopt), defined as that which yields the minimum calculated cost of electricity (COEm), varies by geographic region due to differences in delivered biomass costs. With pressurized BIG/GTCC plants, MWopt is in the range of 230–320 MWe for the sites considered, assuming most of the land around the power plant is farmed for energy crop production. For atmospheric-pressure BIG/GTCC plants, MWopt ranges from 110 to 142 MWe. When a lower fraction of the land around a plant is used for energy farming, values for MWopt are smaller than these. In all cases, the cost of electricity is relatively insensitive to plant capacity over a wide range around MWopt.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Gouzaye ◽  
Francis M. Epplin

Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 6509-6526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Bonner ◽  
Kara Cafferty ◽  
David Muth ◽  
Mark Tomer ◽  
David James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Paine ◽  
Todd L. Peterson ◽  
D.J. Undersander ◽  
Kenneth C. Rineer ◽  
Gerald A. Bartelt ◽  
...  

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