scholarly journals Development of Self-Powered Wireless-Ready High Temperature Electrochemical Sensors for In-Situ Corrosion Monitoring for Boiler Tubes in Next Generation Coal-based Power Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Boiler Tubes ◽  
Self Powered

scholarly journals An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Jun Yoon ◽  
Jacob D. Riglin ◽  
Prashant Sharan ◽  
Robert P. Currier ◽  
Katie A. Maerzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Characterization Of Solutions

Abstract Specific conductance and frequency-dependent resistance (impedance) data are widely utilized for understanding the physicochemical characteristics of aqueous and non-aqueous fluids and for evaluating the performance of chemical processes. However, the implementation of such an in-situ probe in high-temperature and high-pressure environments is not trivial. This work provides a description of both the hardware and software associated with implementing a parallel-type in-situ electrochemical sensor. The sensor can be used for in-line monitoring of thermal desalination processes and for impedance measurements in fluids at high temperature and pressure. A comparison between the experimental measurements on the specific conductance in aqueous sodium chloride solutions and the conductance model demonstrate that the methodology yields reasonable agreement with both the model and literature data. A combination of hardware components, a softwarebased correction for experimental artifacts, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations used in this work provide a sound basis for implementing such in-situ electrochemical sensors to measure frequency-dependent resistance spectra.

Graphite, Ceramics, and Ceramic Composites for High-Temperature Nuclear Power Systems

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Bonal ◽  
Akira Kohyama ◽  
Jaap van der Laan ◽  
Lance L. Snead
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Next Generation

AbstractThe age of nuclear power originated with the gas-cooled, graphite-moderated reactor in the 1940s. Although this reactor design had intrinsic safety features and enjoyed initial widespread use, gas-cooled reactor technology was supplanted by higher power density water-cooled systems in the 1960s. However, the next-generation reactors seek enhanced power conversion efficiency and the ability to produce hydrogen, best accomplished with high-temperature gas-cooled systems. Thus, international interest in gas-cooled reactor systems is reemerging. Although the materials systems of these reactors are fairly simple, the reactor environment, particularly its high temperatures and intense irradiation, present extreme challenges in terms of material selection and survivability. This article provides a brief review of materials issues and recent progress related to graphite and ceramic materials for application in gas-cooled nuclear reactor environments. Of particular interest are the drastic, irradiation-induced microstructural evolution and thermophysical property changes occurring as a result of energetic neutron irradiation, which significantly impact the performance and lifetime of much of the reactor core. For “nuclear” graphite, the performance and lifetime not only are closely related to the irradiation environment but also are dramatically affected by the specifics of the particular graphite: manufacturing process, graphitization temperature, composition (amount of coke, filler, etc., depending on where it was mined), and so on. Moreover, the extreme environmental challenges set down by this next generation of fission nuclear plants have driven the development and application of ceramic composites for critical components, pushing beyond upper temperature limits set by metallic alloys used in previous generations of nuclear reactors. The composite material systems of particular interest are continuous carbon-fiber composites and newly developed radiation-resistant silicon carbide fiber composites.

The reaction of amorphous Ni-Nb films with Si in the presence of a native SiO2 layer

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
N. Rozhanski ◽  
A. Barg
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Sio2 Layer ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Amorphous Ni-Nb alloys are of potential interest as diffusion barriers for high temperature metallization for VLSI. In the present work amorphous Ni-Nb films were sputter deposited on Si(100) and their interaction with a substrate was studied in the temperature range (200-700)°C. The crystallization of films was observed on the plan-view specimens heated in-situ in Philips-400ST microscope. Cross-sectional objects were prepared to study the structure of interfaces.The crystallization temperature of Ni5 0 Ni5 0 and Ni8 0 Nb2 0 films was found to be equal to 675°C and 525°C correspondingly. The crystallization of Ni5 0 Ni5 0 films is followed by the formation of Ni6Nb7 and Ni3Nb nucleus. Ni8 0Nb2 0 films crystallise with the formation of Ni and Ni3Nb crystals. No interaction of both films with Si substrate was observed on plan-view specimens up to 700°C, that is due to the barrier action of the native SiO2 layer.

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