scholarly journals Energetic Materials Center Report--Small-Scale Safety and Thermal Testing Evaluation of Butyl Nitrate

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Hsu ◽  
John G. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Center Report

scholarly journals Dissemination and Planned Demonstrator of New Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Aidan Reilly ◽  
Richard O'Hegarty ◽  
Oliver Kinnane
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents work developing thin precast concrete sandwich panels for recladding and overcladding applications. These panels are designed for the retrofit of precast concrete structures where the underlying frame is structurally sound. Structural and thermal testing has been carried out to validate the performance of the panels. The panels are designed to have thermal performance better than current national standards, and this has been verified through hot-box testing of components and small-scale panels. Structural performance of the panels has been tested with 3 point bending tests on full-scale panels. Work is in progress towards demonstration of the panels on an occupied building in the UK.

Aerogel for Microsystems Thermal Insulation: System Design and Process Development

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Smith ◽  
David Romero ◽  
Damena Agonafer ◽  
Jason Gu ◽  
Cristina H. Amon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Development ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Crystal Oscillator

Extreme miniaturization in the microelectronics component market along with the emergence of system-on-chip applications has driven interest in correspondingly small-scale thermal management designs requiring novel material systems. This paper concentrates on aerogel, which is an amorphous, nanoporous dielectric oxide fabricated through a sol-gel process. Its extremely high porosity leads to very low thermal conductivity and dielectric constants. Significant research has been devoted to its electrical properties; however, there are several emerging applications that can leverage the thermal characteristics as well. Two promising applications are investigated in this paper: a monolithically integrated infrared sensor that requires thermal isolation between sensor and silicon substrate, and an ultra-miniature crystal oscillator device which demands thermal insulation of the crystal for low-power operation. This paper identifies the potential benefits of aerogel in these applications through system modeling, demonstrates aerogel’s compatibility with standard low-cost microfabrication techniques, and presents results of thermal testing of aerogel films compared with other microelectronics insulators and available data in the literature. The goal is to explore system thermal design using aerogel while demonstrating its feasibility through experimentation. The combination of numerical simulations, Bayesian surrogate modeling, and process development helps to refine candidate aerogel applications and allow the designer to explore thermal designs which have not previously been possible in large-scale microelectronics system production.   This paper was also originally published as part of the Proceedings of the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems.

scholarly journals Variation of Methods in Small-Scale Safety and Thermal Testing of Improvised Explosives

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Sandstrom ◽  
Geoffrey W. Brown ◽  
Daniel N. Preston ◽  
Colin J. Pollard ◽  
Kirstin F. Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Improvised Explosives

scholarly journals Nanostructured Energetic Materials with Sol-gel Methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Gash ◽  
Joe H. Satcher ◽  
Randall L. Simpson ◽  
Brady J. Clapsaddle
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Burn Rate ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe utilization of sol-gel chemical methodology to prepare nanostructured energetic materials as well as the concepts of nanoenergetics is described. The preparation and characterization of two totally different compositions is detailed. In one example, nanostructured aerogel and xerogel composites of sol-gel iron (III) oxide and ultra fine grained aluminum (UFG Al) are prepared, characterized, and compared to a conventional micron-sized Fe2O3/Al thermite. The exquisite degree of mixing and intimate nanostructuring of this material is illustrated using transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM). The nanocomposite material has markedly different energy release (burn rate) and thermal properties compared to the conventional composite, results of which will be discussed. Small-scale safety characterization was performed on the nanostructured thermite. The second nanostructured energetic material consists of a nanostructured hydrocarbon resin fuel network with fine ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) oxidizer present.

1-Amino-3-nitroguanidine (ANQ) in High-performance Ionic Energetic Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Fischer ◽  
Thomas M. Klapötke ◽  
Jörg Stierstorfer
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Explosive Performance

1-Amino-3-nitroguanidine (ANQ, 2) was synthesized via hydrazinolysis of nitroguanidine (1). An appropriate Lewis structure of ANQ is drawn based on VB calculations. Due to its basicity, it can be protonated by strong mineral acids or acidic heterocycles. In order to synthesize new energetic materials the nitrate (3) and perchlorate (4) salts of 1-amino-3-nitroguanidine were synthesized by protonation of 2 with 40% nitric acid and 60% perchloric acid, respectively. 5-Nitrimino-1,4H-tetrazole obtained by reacting 5-amino-1H-tetrazole with 100% HNO3 was used to synthesize the nitriminotetrazolate salt 5. Furthermore, the dinitramide salt 6 of 1-amino-3-nitroguanidine was synthesized by metathesis reaction of silver dinitramide and 1-amino-3-nitroguanidinium chloride. The dinitroguanidinate salt 7 was synthesized by protonation of 2 with 1,3-dinitroguanidine, which was prepared from nitroguanidine in anhydrous nitric acid/N2O5. All compounds were fully characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and DSC measurements. The heats of formation of 2 - 7 were calculated using the atomization method based on CBS-4M enthalpies. With these values and the experimental (X-ray) densities several detonation parameters such as the detonation pressure, velocity, energy, and temperature were computed using the EXPLO5 code. In addition, the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrical discharge were tested using the BAM drophammer, friction tester as well as a small-scale electrical discharge device. A Koenen test with 1-amino-3-nitroguanidinium nitrate (3) was carried out in order to evaluate its explosive performance and shipping classification.

Used Nuclear Fuel Transportation Package Seal Performance in Beyond Design Basis Thermal Conditions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Gonzalez ◽  
Christopher Bajwa ◽  
Robert Einziger ◽  
Earl Easton ◽  
Jiann Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Regulatory Commission ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Design Basis

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is evaluating the performance of seals in used fuel transportation packages during beyond-design-basis fires, similar to the Baltimore tunnel fire that occurred in 2001. The performance of package seals is important for determining the potential for a release of radioactive material from a package during a beyond-design-basis accident. Seals generally have lower temperature limits than other package components and are often part of the containment barrier between the environment and the cask contents. The NRC’s Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES) funded the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to conduct small-scale thermal testing to obtain experimental data of the performance of seals during beyond-design basis temperature exposures. The experimental testing consisted of several small-scale pressure vessels fabricated with a modified ASME flange design, using commercial grade metallic seals, similar to those that might be used on an actual spent nuclear fuel transportation package. The vessels were heated in an electrical furnace for exposures up to 9 hours (hrs) at temperatures as high as 800°C (1472°F), which far exceeded the rated temperature of the seals in question. This paper will provide a summary of the testing completed as well as the preliminary results and conclusions of the experiments performed by NIST.

Spent Nuclear Fuel Transportation Package Seals in Beyond Design Basis Temperature Excursions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Gonzalez ◽  
Christopher Bajwa ◽  
Robert Einziger ◽  
Earl Easton ◽  
Jiann Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Regulatory Commission ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Design Basis

The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is studying the performance of seals in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation packages exposed to fires that could exceed the hypothetical accident condition fire described in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 71, such as the Baltimore Tunnel Fire that occurred in 2001, or the MacArthur Maze fire that occurred in 2007. The performance of package seals is important for determining the potential for release of radioactive material from a package during a beyond-design-basis accident. Seals generally have lower temperature limits than other package components and are the containment barrier between the environment and the radioactive package contents. The NRC Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research contracted the National Institute of Standards and Technology to conduct small-scale thermal testing to obtain experimental data of the performance of seals during extreme temperature exposures. The experimental testing consisted of several small-scale pressure vessels fabricated with a modified ASME flange design and tested metallic and polymeric seals, similar to those that might be used on an actual SNF transportation package. The vessels were heated in an electrical oven to temperatures as high as 800°C (1472°F), exceeding the rated temperatures of the seals in question. This paper will provide a summary of the testing conducted and present test results and conclusions.

Interpreting Drop-Weight Impact Results in Terms of Deformation Dependent Initiation Criteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Baker ◽  
A. M. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Shear Banding ◽  
Shear Layers ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Localization ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact sensitivity of energetic materials is frequently measured in small-scale drop-weight tests. Plastic deformation of the sample leads to heating, the onset of chemical reaction, and eventual ignition. An analytic model provides deformation dependent estimates of the energy delivered to the sample, its stress state, and its temperature distribution. Results for hydoxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB/AP) propellants are interpreted in terms of two initiation criteria: critical decomposition temperature and critical thickness for shear banding. The influence of friction, impact velocity, and sample size on initiation give possible explanations of experimental results. Sample material properties variations are studied for both initiation criteria. The model includes energy localization by varying the thickness of shear layers at the sample/machine interface.

scholarly journals DHS small-scale safety and thermal testing of improvised explosives-comparison of testing performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 500 (5) ◽  
pp. 052037
Author(s):  
J G Reynolds ◽  
M M Sandstrom ◽  
G W Brown ◽  
K F Warner ◽  
J J Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Testing Performance ◽  
Improvised Explosives
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