scholarly journals Estimate of Cost-Effective Potential for Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in 13 Major World Economies Energy Savings, Environmental and Financial Impacts

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie E. Letschert ◽  
Nicholas Bojda ◽  
Jing Ke ◽  
Michael A. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Effective Potential ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Financial Impacts

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Potential for Accurate Polarizable Embedding Calculations in Protein Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1162-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Reinholdt ◽  
Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren ◽  
Casper Steinmann ◽  
Jógvan Magnus Haugaard Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Effective Potential ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polarizable Embedding

scholarly journals Energy Monitoring System for Existing Buildings in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Sentagi Sesotya Utami ◽  
Faridah ◽  
Na’im A. Azizi ◽  
Erlin Kencanawati ◽  
M. Akbar Tanjung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Energy Monitoring ◽  
Building Permit ◽  
Significant Difference

Current studies conducted by JICA, AMPRI and IFC-World Bank, reported that large commercial buildings in Indonesia are not energy and water efficient. One of the cause is the lack of regulation. Meanwhile, effective regulations to reduce energy and water consumption are the concern mostly in a new building to obtain a building permit. This strategy is understandable as retrofitting existing buildings are often more difficult to be implemented, and enforcement is still a major issue in Indonesia. Local governments are currently working on streamlining building permit process as well as developing an online monitoring system for existing buildings. By applying a Building Energy Management System (BEMS) enables to reduce energy consumption up to 15%. An energy monitoring system was designed and installed through this research for Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics (DNEEP) building, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. It is a 20 years old two-story building used for educational activities, which consist of classrooms, laboratories, offices and storage spaces. An audit energy was done recently in 2015 where an energy consumption of 261.299,636 kWh/year.m2 was reported. In the existing condition, a power meter is inaccessible and therefore, the only feedback of occupancy behavior in the energy consumption is through the electricity bill. The previous study has shown that building occupants would behave more efficiently if the amount of energy used is notified, and the amount of energy savings are recorded. However, these energy monitoring systems are considered expensive and uniquely tailored for every building. This research aims to design and install a cost effective BEMS based on occupant’s satisfactory assessment of the lighting, acoustics, and air conditioning quality. The data will be used as a decision supporting system (DSS) by building management through the use of a GUI. The design of the interface was based on a survey result from the prospective users. Installed energy monitoring system uses a current sensor with an accuracy of 98% and a precision of 0.04 A while the voltage sensor with an accuracy of 98% and a precision of 0.58 V. The performance testing shows that the number of web clients influences delay of data transmission. The result of the survey shows that GUI is categorized as fair in design without a significant difference between the perceptions of users with and without survey supervision.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Lighting Design Criteria: Cost-Effective Solutions in an Industrial Environment

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Agraz ◽  
John Maneri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Light Levels

The continual rising cost of energy, existing outdated lighting technology, and inefficient lighting designs have given property owners the opportunity to improve their facilities by retrofitting their existing luminaires with an energy efficient lighting system. A lighting retrofit uses the existing electrical infrastructure to replace, relocate, or convert existing luminaires with the latest generation of cost-effective components. New lighting technology has emerged within the last 6 years that generates energy savings of 40% to 50% while maintaining existing light levels. These upgraded and field-tested solutions lower energy consumption, generate a healthy financial return on investment, and can improve both the quality and quantity of light in the task area. As with any other solution, a cost-effective lighting system must be designed and engineered carefully to accommodate the needs of each work space. Simply installing a new lamp into an existing luminaire will not necessarily guarantee substantial energy savings or an improved lighting environment. In any space that uses electric lighting, the lighting designer must evaluate potential solutions for energy consumption, maintenance concerns, delivered light levels, hostile environments, and the overall economic impact of installing and long-term operation of the new system. In this paper, the author will discuss energy efficient lighting design criteria and how a lighting designer properly engineers a retrofit project to deliver energy savings without sacrificing light levels. The discussion includes a summary of both traditional and emerging technologies, and the long-term impact on energy consumption, maintenance, return on investment, lighting quality, and delivered light levels. Paper published with permission.

Encouraging residential energy efficiency

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Real World ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Residential Energy Efficiency

Programs that encouraged investments in residential energy efficiency had limited returns in several impact evaluations in real-world settings. Relatively small impacts on energy savings coupled with low take-up meant that encouraging these investments through information campaigns and subsidies was not a cost-effective strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Setting Performance Standards for a Cost-Effective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cure Strategy in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. David Paltiel ◽  
Amy Zheng ◽  
Milton C. Weinstein ◽  
Melanie R. Gaynes ◽  
Robin Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lifetime Costs

AbstractBackgroundReports of a single case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication suggest that elimination of HIV from individuals is possible. Anticipating both increased research funding and the development of effective, durable cure technologies, we describe the circumstances under which a cure might improve survival and be cost-effective in South Africa.MethodsWe adapted a simulation model comparing a hypothetical cure strategy (“Cure”) to the standard of care, lifetime antiretroviral therapy (“LifetimeART”) among adherent South Africans (58% female; mean age 33.8 years; mean CD4 257/µL; virologic suppression ≥1 year). We portrayed cure as a single intervention, producing sustained viral eradication without ART. We considered both a plausible, more imminently achievable “Baseline Scenario” and a more aspirational “Optimistic Scenario”. Inputs (Baseline/Optimistic) included the following: 50%/75% efficacy; 0.6%/0.0% fatal toxicity; 0.37%/0.085% monthly relapse over 5 years (0.185%/0.0425% per month thereafter); and $2000/$500 cost. These inputs were varied extensively in sensitivity analysis.ResultsAt baseline, Cure was “dominated,” yielding lower discounted life expectancy (19.31 life-years [LY] vs 19.37 LY) and greater discounted lifetime costs ($13 800 vs $13 700) than LifetimeART. Under optimistic assumptions, Cure was “cost-saving,” producing greater survival (19.91 LY) and lower lifetime costs ($11 000) than LifetimeART. Findings were highly sensitive to data assumptions, leaving little middle ground where a tradeoff existed between improved survival and higher costs.ConclusionsOnly under the most favorable performance assumptions will an HIV cure strategy prove clinically and economically justifiable in South Africa. The scientific pursuit of a cure should not undermine continued expansions of access to proven, effective, and cost-effective ART.

scholarly journals Marketing Energy Conservation to Homeowners: An Action Program from Public Policy Research

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rudelius ◽  
Richard Weijo ◽  
Gary Dodge
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Public Policy Research ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Individual

Energy conservation appeals to homeowners stressing patriotism and social responsibility have not worked. The authors believe that more precise information for the homeowner showing the specific dollar costs and savings for various energy actions will stimulate meaningful, beneficial trade-offs for the individual. They further believe that broadly conceived, publicly sponsored marketing strategies can help individual consumers make more informed energy-conservation choices from among the continuous, seasonal, and one-time actions available to them. If public policymakers focus efforts on the most cost-effective, energy-saving actions for households, the community will receive the greatest energy savings for a fixed amount of public expenditures.

scholarly journals Impact of Toronto’s Avenues & Mid-rise Building Guidelines on Solar Energy Generation Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Garic
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Solar Access ◽  
The Impact

As cities grow, strategies for how and where to accommodate growth are increasingly important. Similarly, renewable energy is gaining importance as a means of reducing our dependency on fossil fuels and other non-renewables, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, and creating energy resiliency at a local level. The purpose of this Major Research Project is to determine the impact the Mid-Rise Building Performance Standards, from the City of Toronto’s 2010 Avenues and Mid-Rise Building Study, have on solar access and to quantify the potential of energy generation using solar photovoltaic systems along the Avenues in Toronto. What impact do the Performance Standards have on solar access to mid-rise buildings along the Avenues? The research concludes that low-podium built form provides the most benefit for the study area – Eglinton Avenue West, at Bathurst Street: the porous street-wall built-form, as outlined in the Mid-Rise Building Performance Standards, provides the highest solar energy generation and energy savings potential.

scholarly journals Impact of Toronto’s Avenues & Mid-rise Building Guidelines on Solar Energy Generation Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Garic
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Solar Access ◽  
The Impact

As cities grow, strategies for how and where to accommodate growth are increasingly important. Similarly, renewable energy is gaining importance as a means of reducing our dependency on fossil fuels and other non-renewables, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, and creating energy resiliency at a local level. The purpose of this Major Research Project is to determine the impact the Mid-Rise Building Performance Standards, from the City of Toronto’s 2010 Avenues and Mid-Rise Building Study, have on solar access and to quantify the potential of energy generation using solar photovoltaic systems along the Avenues in Toronto. What impact do the Performance Standards have on solar access to mid-rise buildings along the Avenues? The research concludes that low-podium built form provides the most benefit for the study area – Eglinton Avenue West, at Bathurst Street: the porous street-wall built-form, as outlined in the Mid-Rise Building Performance Standards, provides the highest solar energy generation and energy savings potential.

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