Testing, Manufacturing, and Component Development Projects for Utility-Scale and Distributed Wind Energy, Fiscal Years 2006-2014

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Not Given Author
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Component Development ◽  
Utility Scale

scholarly journals Large-eddy simulation of airborne wind energy farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Haas ◽  
Jochem De Schutter ◽  
Moritz Diehl ◽  
Johan Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Model Predictive Controller ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Power Yield ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Turbulent Flow Conditions

Abstract. The future utility-scale deployment of airborne wind energy technologies requires the development of large-scale multi-megawatt systems. This study aims at quantifying the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and large-scale airborne wind energy systems operating in a farm. To that end, we present a virtual flight simulator combining large-eddy simulations to simulate turbulent flow conditions and optimal control techniques for flight-path generation and tracking. The two-way coupling between flow and system dynamics is achieved by implementing an actuator sector method that we pair to a model predictive controller. In this study, we consider ground-based power generation pumping-mode AWE systems (lift-mode AWES) and on-board power generation AWE systems (drag-mode AWES). For the lift-mode AWES, we additionally investigate different reel-out strategies to reduce the interaction between the tethered wing and its own wake. Further, we investigate AWE parks consisting of 25 systems organized in 5 rows of 5 systems. For both lift- and drag-mode archetypes, we consider a moderate park layout with a power density of 10 MW km−2 achieved at a rated wind speed of 12 m s−1. For the drag-mode AWES, an additional park with denser layout and power density of 28 MW km−2 is also considered. The model predictive controller achieves very satisfactory flight-path tracking despite the AWE systems operating in fully waked, turbulent flow conditions. Furthermore, we observe significant wake effects for the utility-scale AWE systems considered in the study. Wake-induced performance losses increase gradually through the downstream rows of systems and reach in the last row of the parks up to 17 % for the lift-mode AWE park and up to 25 % and 45 % for the moderate and dense drag-mode AWE parks, respectively. For an operation period of 60 minutes at a below-rated reference wind speed of 10 m s−1, the lift-mode AWE park generates about 84.4 MW of power, corresponding to 82.5 % of the power yield expected when AWE systems operate ideally and interaction with the ABL is negligible. For the drag-mode AWE parks, the moderate and dense layouts generate about 86.0 MW and 72.9 MW of power, respectively, corresponding to 89.2 % and 75.6 % of the ideal power yield.

Storage Options and Sizing for Utility Scale Integration of Wind Energy Plants

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
Utility Scale

Electric energy storage has been discussed as an option for increasing the marketability of wind energy facilities by reducing output variation. Utility scale wind plants face economic exposure to tariff charges for output variation as well as depending on volatile market prices for success. Wind speed variability and associated changes in wind plant output raise specific challenges to design engineers sizing electric energy storage systems. Evaluation of prospective Wind/Storage applications depends on the characteristics of individual wind plant output and the choice of storage technology. Energy storage options range from traditional lead acid batteries and pumped hydro storage to recently commercialized electrochemical flow battery systems. Selection and sizing of energy storage for wind plants vary with the time frame for each application. Different time frames correspond with the utility definitions of regulation, load shaping and load factoring. Results from a storage system model are presented that differentiate appropriate storage system sizes for these applications.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Communities in Rural Areas towards the Development of Wind Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8052
Author(s):  
Mirosława Witkowska-Dabrowska ◽  
Natalia Świdyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Baryła
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Structure Indices

The objective of the study was to demonstrate attitudes towards wind energy facilities in the area of the Korsze Commune. The results of the study were processed using structure indices calculated from the respondents’ answers, which were analyzed in terms of social and economic factors. The study revealed that both the NIMBY syndrome and the lack of civic engagement influence attitudes towards renewable energy technologies in rural areas. The NIMBY (“not in my backyard”) term describes negative public attitudes towards proposed development projects. However, some trends towards more pronounced attitudes can be observed, depending on socioeconomic conditions. The research results imply that the measures taken to promote renewable energy technologies should be designed differently depending on the socioeconomic situation of the targeted audience. Young people might be reached via social media appropriate to their age, and through campaigns promoting local investments. For older people, traditional ways of communication can be used, but the information transmitted should include specific benefits for the whole society as well as for individual households. The conducted research revealed that, despite the fact that many authors deny the occurrence of NIMBY syndrome in relation to the wind energy, the NIMBY problem has occurred in the Korsze Commune. The biggest challenge in the survey was the unwillingness of the residents to participate in it, which only confirms the lack of social involvement.

Optimal control of stacked multi-kite systems for utility-scale airborne wind energy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochem De Schutter ◽  
Rachel Leuthold ◽  
Thilo Bronnenmeyer ◽  
Reinhart Paelinck ◽  
Moritz Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Utility Scale

Nesting Ecology of a Population of Gopherus agassizii at a Utility-Scale Wind Energy Facility in Southern California

Copeia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Ennen ◽  
Jeffrey E. Lovich ◽  
Katherin P. Meyer ◽  
Curtis Bjurlin ◽  
Terence R. Arundel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Gopherus Agassizii ◽  
Nesting Ecology ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Utility Scale

scholarly journals Wind Energy Resource Assessment and Feasibility Study of Wind Farm in Kaligandaki Riverbank of Mustang District

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Mukesh Ghimire ◽  
Ram C Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Utility Scale

This study presents wind energy resource assessment and financial analysis of a 15 MW wind farm in Mustang for utility scale power generation. Hourly meteorological data at Kagbeni and Thini measured at 10 m and 20 m height from 2001 to 2005 have been analyzed and annual average wind speed and power density at 75 m above ground level at Kagbeni 8.05 m/s and 851 W/m2 whereas the same for Thini are 6.99 m/s and 337 W/m2 respectively.WAsP analysis showed that the wind speed and wind power density in the study area (20 × 20 km2) varied from 2.72 m/s to 44.51 m/s and 0.23 kW/m2 to 173.27 kW/m2. Optimized layout of a 15 MW wind farm that comprised of twenty five S52 -600 kW turbines, developed by open Wind software yields annual gross energy 63.58 GWh, and net energy 41.66 GWh with capacity factor of 31.68 %. The economic analysis of the farm suggests that the unit energy cost stands on range NRs 4.57 to NRs 6.10 under different energy availability scenario to meet the project MARR of 16.1%. Based on the results, it is apparent that the wind resources at Mustang are suitable for harnessing wind energy especially for the purpose of utility scale electricity generation. Site accessibility is a major challenging factor to establish a wind farm currently. Key words: WAsP; wind energy; wind farm DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4139Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 159-166

scholarly journals Local benefits factored in utility scale wind energy for a remote location

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan Soliman ◽  
Bassel I. Nesser ◽  
Krzysztof Pytel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Remote Location ◽  
Utility Scale

Abstract The publication presents the results of analysis of possible local benefits factored in utility scale wind energy for a remote location. Electricity is one of the most vital problems on the Earth, thus utility scale wind and solar energy devices are boosting economic development. Energy demand is constantly increasing, despite efforts to ensure the energy efficiency of devices. People are looking for more energy and electricity to consume. Although wind energy is still being researched and improved, modern generation of wind energy is becoming more and more effective and desirable. This publication presents an effective solution to this issue. It deals with the generation of green environment friendly electricity from wind turbine. The genuine idea is to provide energy for remote location using onshore wind turbines. An analysis of the demand for energy at a remote location and electricity consumption was made to provide preliminary calculations of the wind farm. The number of required turbines is determined taking into account all related factors. A specific wind turbine has been selected and proposed to provide the necessary location with the necessary amount of energy. The analysis carried out showed that the produced energy is environment friendly since there is no carbon dioxide emission.

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