Calculations of protective action distance for toxic chemical spills using nomographs

SummaryLysolecithin is adsorbed to washed blood platelets and, at sufficient concentration, lyses them, inhibits their clot-retracting activity and promotes their thromboplastin-generating activity. Lysolecithin adsorption to the platelet was studied by using P32-labelled lysolecithin obtained from the liver of rats injected with labelled orthophosphate. The amount of lysolecithin adsorbed to the surface of the washed platelet in saline medium is dependent on the concentration of lysolecithin in solution and reaches saturation — 5 × 10-8 jig per platelet — at a concentration of 9—10 µg per ml. Platelet lysis in saline medium begins at a lysolecithin concentration higher than 18 jig per ml. Plasma and albumin prevent adsorption of lysolecithin to the platelet and protect the platelet from damage by lysolecithin. Albumin is able to remove previously adsorbed lysolecithin from the platelet surface. The protective action of plasma explains the lack of platelet damage in blood, the plasma lecithin of which has been converted to lysolecithin by the action of Vipera palestinae venom phosphatidase, in vitro and in vivo.

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235. Diffusive Sampling/Thermal Desorption/Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Monitoring Personal Exposures to Toxic Chemical Substances

10.3320/1.2758007 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

W. Hendricks

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Thermal Desorption ◽

Diffusive Sampling ◽

Toxic Chemical ◽

Chemical Substances ◽

Desorption Mass Spectrometry ◽

Personal Exposures ◽

Toxic Chemical Substances

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266. Hazmat Emergency Response Training at the Liquefied Gaseous Fuels Spill Test Facility (LFGSTF) Using Controlled-Large Scale Chemical Spills

10.3320/1.2764935 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

C. Giesler

Keyword(s):

Emergency Response ◽

Large Scale ◽

Test Facility ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Response Training ◽

Chemical Spills ◽

Emergency Response Training

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A simple Environmental-Friendly Method for Disposing Toxic Chemical Wastes

10.23939/cte2019.01.383 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Olha Linievych ◽

Elie Saade

Keyword(s):

Toxic Chemical ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Chemical Wastes

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POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF SHALE PLAYS – ECOLOGICAL THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

GEOLINKS Conference proceedings, Book 1 Volume 2 ◽

10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/18 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Svetlana Punanova

Keyword(s):

Chemical Elements ◽

Organometallic Compounds ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Shale Oil ◽

Toxic Chemical ◽

Horizontal Drilling ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Valuable Metals ◽

Economic Use

This research considered the content of trace elements (TE), including potentially toxic elements (PTE) in shale plays and deposits in various regions of the world. Their comparative analysis was carried out and the highest concentrations of PTE in the shales of some regions were revealed. The author notes that the destruction of organometallic compounds occurs during the development of shale hydrocarbon (HC) using horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing – injecting large volumes of chemicals while increasing the temperature. During such destruction processes, PTE can escape into the environment: into groundwater, soil layers, and other objects of economic use, and also deteriorate well equipment. In connection with the noted environmental hazards present during the development of shale HC, this paper proposes to monitor the content of TE in both shale rocks as well as in extracted shale oil in order to mitigate the risks of their release into the environment. In addition, developers and scientists should consider the losses of industrially significant volumes of valuable metals that occur due to the lack of cost-effective technologies for their capture and extraction from naphthides.

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