GLADE Global Liquid Argon Detector Experiment: a letter of intent to FNAL

Magnetic fields, with a magnitude comparable with that of the earth (10−4 tesla), affect trajectories of electrons and hence gain and collection efficiency. The inclusion of a high-permeability shield usually offers sufficient protection. Photomultiplier (PMT) performance is affected by electric field gradients generated by the proximity of a metal housing. The design criteria of such housings are discussed. Strong magnetic fields of the order of a tesla require special devices. Operation in harsh environments such as those encountered in oil well logging requires performance at high temperature (200 °C) and in situations of high shock and vibration expressed in terms of power spectral density. Rugged PMTs can meet all these requirements. Applications at cryogenic temperatures, such as liquid argon, can also be met with special PMTs.

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Detecting dark matter with far-forward emulsion and liquid argon detectors at the LHC

Physical Review D ◽

10.1103/physrevd.103.075023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Brian Batell ◽

Jonathan L. Feng ◽

Sebastian Trojanowski

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Liquid Argon

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The Mini-CAPTAIN liquid argon Time Projection Chamber

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment ◽

10.1016/j.nima.2021.165131 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 165131

Author(s):

C.E. Taylor ◽

B. Bhandari ◽

J. Bian ◽

K. Bilton ◽

C. Callahan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Projection Chamber ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Time Projection

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Overhaul and installation of the ICARUS-T600 liquid argon TPC electronics for the FNAL Short Baseline Neutrino program

Journal of Instrumentation ◽

10.1088/1748-0221/16/01/p01037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (01) ◽

pp. P01037-P01037

Author(s):

L. Bagby ◽

B. Baibussinov ◽

B. Behera ◽

V. Bellini ◽

R. Benocci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Argon ◽

Short Baseline

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A Review of Basic Energy Reconstruction Techniques in Liquid Xenon and Argon Detectors for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics Using NEST

Instruments ◽

10.3390/instruments5010013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Matthew Szydagis ◽

Grant A. Block ◽

Collin Farquhar ◽

Alexander J. Flesher ◽

Ekaterina S. Kozlova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Neutrino Physics ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Profile Likelihood ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Energy Scale ◽

Liquid Xenon ◽

Nuclear Recoils ◽

Available Information

Detectors based upon the noble elements, especially liquid xenon as well as liquid argon, as both single- and dual-phase types, require reconstruction of the energies of interacting particles, both in the field of direct detection of dark matter (weakly interacting massive particles WIMPs, axions, etc.) and in neutrino physics. Experimentalists, as well as theorists who reanalyze/reinterpret experimental data, have used a few different techniques over the past few decades. In this paper, we review techniques based on solely the primary scintillation channel, the ionization or secondary channel available at non-zero drift electric fields, and combined techniques that include a simple linear combination and weighted averages, with a brief discussion of the application of profile likelihood, maximum likelihood, and machine learning. Comparing results for electron recoils (beta and gamma interactions) and nuclear recoils (primarily from neutrons) from the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) simulation to available data, we confirm that combining all available information generates higher-precision means, lower widths (energy resolution), and more symmetric shapes (approximately Gaussian) especially at keV-scale energies, with the symmetry even greater when thresholding is addressed. Near thresholds, bias from upward fluctuations matters. For MeV-GeV scales, if only one channel is utilized, an ionization-only-based energy scale outperforms scintillation; channel combination remains beneficial. We discuss here what major collaborations use.

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