scholarly journals Federal Alternative Fuel Program Light Duty Vehicle Operations. Second annual report to Congress for fiscal year 1992

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

scholarly journals Alternative-Fuel-Vehicle Policy Interactions Increase U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Jenn ◽  
Inês Azevedo ◽  
Jeremy Joseph Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

The transportation sector is currently the largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States, and light-duty vehicles produce the majority of transportation emissions. Federal standards for fleet-averaged vehicle GHG emission rates and their corresponding corporate average fuel economy standards cap GHG emissions of the US light-duty vehicle fleet. In addition, two key policies aim to encourage a future fleet transition to alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) technologies: (1) incentives that treat AFVs favorably in the federal GHG standard, and (2) state zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) policy, which mandates AFV sales in some states. While each of these AFV policies can encourage AFV adoption, we show that net GHG emissions increase when both policies are present simultaneously. Specifically, we estimate changes in life cycle GHG emissions and gasoline consumption, relative to a pure federal fleet GHG standard (without AFV incentives or mandates), resulting from the introduction of (1) AFV incentives in federal fleet GHG policy, (2) state ZEV mandates, and (3) the combination of the two. We find that under fairly general conditions the combined AFV policies produce higher GHG emissions than either policy alone. This result is a consequence of state mandates increasing AFV sales in the presence of federal incentives that relax the fleet GHG standard when AFVs are sold. Using AFV sales projections from the Energy Information Administration and the California Air Resources Board, we estimate that the combined policies produce an increase on the order of 100 million tons of CO2 emissions cumulatively for new passenger cars sold from 2012 through 2025 relative to a pure GHG standard. AFV incentives in the GHG standard conflate policy goals by encouraging AFV adoption at the cost of higher fleet GHG emissions, and they permit even higher fleet GHG emissions when other policies, such as the ZEV mandate, increase AFV adoption.

Study on the Characteristics of Emissions from Light Duty Vehicle Fueled with Biodiesel under Transient Operating Mode

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1184-1189
Author(s):  
De Qing Mei ◽  
Shu Long Wang ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Specific Emissions ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Biodiesel is a renewable and clean alternative fuel. The exhausts emissions from light duty vehicle fueled with biodiesel and No.0 diesel fuel are measured and analyzed. The modular features of emissions under transient operating mode is investigated on. As compared to No.0 diesel fuel, experimental results show that the HC and CO emissions of cold start are improved much from light duty vehicle fueled with biodiesel and also the specific emissions of HC, CO and PM decrease 62.0%, 42.5% and 46.2% respectively, but the NOx specific emission rise 7.1% up. Chemical energy is released during the combustion of fuel, which produced CO2 and H2O, at the same time the N2 in air would also be oxygenated to NOx. So the concentration rate of NOx/CO2 is used to describe the regularity of NOx emission with the transient operating mode.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Energy Policy Act on Electricity and Natural Gas Provider Fleets

1996 ◽  
Vol 1520 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Anant D. Vyas ◽  
Michael Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Energy Policy Act ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Section 501 of the 1992 Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPACT) mandates that alternative fuel providers who sell such fuels for transportation acquire alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The potential impacts of this mandate on the two largest groups of alternative fuel providers—electricity and natural gas (NG) providers—are presented. Nationwide, 166 electric-only utilities, 127 NG-only utilities, and 55 dual-utilities are covered by EPACT. Together, these companies own or operate nearly 122,000 light-duty vehicles in EPACT-defined metropolitan areas. Some 63 NG producers and transporters, which have 9,700 light-duty vehicles, are also covered. Covered fuel providers are expected to purchase 2,710 AFVs in 1996 and 13,650 AFVs by 2001. NG companies already have 19.4 percent of their existing light-duty vehicle stocks as AFVs, dual companies have 10.0 percent, NG producers and transporters have 7.0 percent, and electric companies have 1.6 percent. If the existing AFVs count toward meeting the Section 501 requirements, NG providers (utilities, dual utilities, producers, and transporters) will need to make little effort, but electric companies will have to make substantial commitments to meet the requirement.

State Vehicle Fleets and Their Potential Acquisition of Alternative Fuel Vehicles under EPACT 507

1996 ◽  
Vol 1520 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
P. S. Hu ◽  
M. Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Energy Policy Act ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Model Year

Section 507(o) of the Energy Policy Act (EPACT) requires state governments to purchase an increasing percentage of alternative fuel vehicles for their light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleets. This requirement began in model year 1996. To determine the effect of this mandate, the total number of state vehicles that may be covered under this mandate and the number of alternative-fuel LDVs that may be acquired is estimated. In addition, operating characteristics, fuel use, turnover rate, and refueling practices of state fleet vehicles are presented.

A planning model to assess hydrogen as an alternative fuel for national light-duty vehicle portfolio

Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 943-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkat Krishnan ◽  
Lizbeth Gonzalez-Marciaga ◽  
James McCalley
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle
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